What are the causes of perforation of the amniotic sac, and what are the effects of perforation on the mother and fetus?

Why does the gestational sac perforate early and amniotic fluid is lost?
There is a main reason for the rupture of the gestational membranes early in the second trimester of pregnancy or the beginning of the third trimester, which is the shortening of the cervix, so what makes the cervix short???
The cause may be congenital.
Or the cause may be a postpartum cervix rupture that has not been stitched.
Violent and harsh dilation of the cervix in induced abortions.
Gynecological and urinary infections during pregnancy, which cause germs to enter from the cervix and reach the gestational membranes and cause effective contractions, causing perforation of the cyst.
The large increase in the size of the uterus in a twin pregnancy or in amniotic ascites (excessive increase in the water surrounding the fetus).
Fatigue of the mother or suffering from diseases such as anemia, asthma, chronic cough and everything that would cause pressure on the gestational sac.

But if your question is about the damages that follow the perforation of the gestational sac, then the perforation of the gestational sac and the descent of the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus is quite similar to the breaking of the fish tank and the leakage of water from it ... What happens?
Fish suffocate because there is no water in their gills to breathe, and the fetus also suffocates because there is no fluid in its lungs that makes them grow and mature and occupy the necessary space inside its chest. The fetus is affected by lung agenesis and thus the chest cavity that contains the heart is small, with small, atrophied lungs of no use. Even if the pregnancy continues without the fluid being compensated, the child will be born, unable to breathe, and die.