What is a migraine, and why do some people get migraines?

Surprisingly, the exact cause of migraines is still unknown. This severe headache, mostly on one side and accompanied by nausea, occasional visions of zigzag lines and excessive sensitivity to light and noise, must be caused by abnormal brain activity. But we don't know what kind or if there are many different causes.

Hormonal fluctuations, especially in estrogen, can trigger migraines. So some women suffer more during menstruation, pregnancy or menopause. Certain foods and additives can trigger migraines and people who overeat meals or consume a lot of caffeine can suffer more. It can also cause them to sleep disturbance.

One rare, inherited type called familial migraine is caused by four specific genetic mutations. More common types are also associated with many different genes that affect brain function. The simplest answer lies in the family. Up to 90 percent of sufferers have a family history of migraines.