Ongoing studies on the effectiveness of antibiotics

Ongoing studies on the effectiveness of antibiotics

A new study shows that antibiotics given to most hospitalized patients with acute viral infection, as a precaution against bacterial co-infection, may not increase survival.

Researchers investigated the effect of antibiotic use on survival in more than 2100 hospital patients in Norway between 2017 and 2021 and found that giving antibiotics to people with common respiratory infections was unlikely to reduce the risk of dying within 30 days.

At the height of the pandemic, about 70% of COVID-19 patients were prescribed antibiotics in some countries, which may contribute to antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections known as superbugs.

"These new data, which have not been published in a medical journal, indicate a significant overuse of antibiotics," said lead researcher Dr. Maggret Jarlsdatter Hovind, from Akershus University Hospital and University of Oslo in Norway.

The overuse and misuse of antibiotics has helped microbes become resistant to many treatments, something scientists consider one of the biggest threats to global health.

The research included patients who had been confirmed to be infected with the pandemic by making a nose or throat swab for viral infections such as influenza or COVID-19, and those with confirmed bacterial infection were excluded. The research is scheduled to be presented at the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases next month in Copenhagen.

In all, 63% of the 2111 patients received antibiotics for respiratory infections during their hospital stay. Overall, 168 patients died within 30 days, of whom only 22 had not been prescribed antibiotics.

After accounting for factors including gender, age, disease severity and underlying diseases among the patients, the researchers found that those who were prescribed antibiotics during their hospital stay were more likely to die within 30 days than patients who did not receive antibiotics.

The research team noted that people with severe disease and those who already suffer from ill health are more likely to receive antibiotics and die. They said other factors, such as smoking, could also play a role.

Dr. Hovind said that given the limitations of any retrospective study like theirs, a clinical trial she recently started with her peers is necessary to determine whether patients admitted to hospital with common respiratory infections should be treated with antibiotics.

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