What causes menstrual dysfunction? How do we treat it?

Many women suffer from disturbances in the dates of their menstrual cycle, so they find that their period is not always regular, it may be early or late, and it may vary in duration and intensity, so what are the reasons for that? How do you deal with it?
The menstrual cycle lasts 28 days, but it can vary between 24 and 35 days. After puberty, the menstrual cycle in most women becomes normal, and the interval between cycles is almost the same. Menstrual bleeding usually lasts between two and seven days, and the average is five days.
Irregular periods are common during puberty or before menopause (menopause). Treatment during these two periods is not usually necessary.

Causes of irregular menstruation

Irregular menstruation is due to nine causes:

The first: the imbalance between the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Second: severe weight loss or severe weight gain.

Third: Excessive exercise.

Fourth: psychological exhaustion.

Fifth: thyroid disorders.

Sixth: Contraception, as IUDs or birth control pills can lead to spotting (little blood loss) between menstrual cycles. An IUD can also cause heavy menstrual bleeding.
Light bleeding, known as breakthrough or mid-cycle bleeding, is common when you first use the pill, and is usually lighter and shorter than normal periods and usually stops within the first few months.

Seventh: Changing the method a woman takes to prevent pregnancy.

Eighth: Polycystic ovary syndrome, which occurs when very small cysts (small fluid-filled sacs) appear in the ovaries. The usual symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome are irregular or light cycles, or the absence of menstrual periods completely, due to the fact that ovulation may not occur as usual.

Hormone production may also be unbalanced, as well as the possibility of testosterone levels exceeding normal (testosterone is a male hormone of which women usually have only a small amount).

Ninth: Women’s problems, as irregular menstrual bleeding can be due to an unexpected pregnancy, an early miscarriage, or problems with the uterus or ovaries. The doctor may refer the patient to a doctor who specializes in diseases of the female reproductive system if further investigation and treatment is needed

Treatment for irregular menstruation

Menstrual cycle disruptions are common during puberty or before menopause (amenorrhea), so treatment in these cases is usually not necessary.

But if the patient is concerned about the abundance, length, or frequency of menstrual cycles, or because of bleeding or spotting between menstrual periods or after intercourse, she should see a doctor.

The doctor will ask questions about menstrual periods, the patient's lifestyle, and medical history, to find out the underlying cause of her irregular menstrual cycle. Any necessary treatment will depend on the cause of the irregularity, including:

Changing the method of contraception:

If the patient has recently had an intrauterine IUD, and she began to have irregular periods that did not settle within a few months, she should discuss with the doctor switching to another method of contraception, if the patient has started taking new contraceptive pills, and led to irregular periods You may be advised to change to a different type of birth control pill.

Polycystic ovary syndrome treatment:
As for obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome, their symptoms can improve by losing weight, which will benefit in irregular periods as well. By losing weight, the body will not need to produce more insulin, which reduces testosterone levels, and improves the chance in ovulation. Other treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome include hormonal therapy and diabetes treatment.
Treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Seek psychological counseling, as the doctor may recommend relaxation techniques and deal with the difficult psychological situation the woman is going through.