What is sciatica, what are the causes of it and what are the ways to treat it?

Sciatica refers to pain that runs along the sciatic nerve, which branches from your lower back into your hips, buttocks, and down each leg. Sciatica usually affects only one side of your body.

Causes that lead to sciatica 

 Sciatica occurs when the sciatic nerve is compressed, usually from a herniated disc in your spine or an overgrowth of bone (bone spur) in your vertebrae. In more rare cases, the nerve can be compressed by a tumor or damaged by a disease such as diabetes.
Age: Age-related changes in the spine, such as herniated discs and bone spurs, are the most common causes of sciatica.
Obesity: By increasing pressure on the spine, an excessive increase in body weight can contribute to the changes in the spine that trigger sciatica.
A job that requires heavy loads or driving a car for a long time may play a role in sciatica, but there is no conclusive evidence for this link.
Prolonged sitting: People who sit for extended periods or lead a more sedentary lifestyle are more likely to develop sciatica than active people.
Diabetes: This condition increases your risk of nerve damage.

What are the ways to treat sciatica?

  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Central muscle relaxants.
Tricyclic antidepressants.
In some cases, your doctor may recommend injecting a corticosteroid medication into the area around the affected nerve root.
Exercises can be done to correct your posture, strengthen the muscles supporting your back and improve your flexibility after the pain is relieved.

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