Game da boyayyar cuta .. meningitis da nau'ikansa, alamomi

Cutar sankarau cuta ce mai kumburi da ke shafar mucosa da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa da kashin bayanta, wanda kamuwa da cutar kwayan cuta ko kwayar cuta ke haifarwa.

Kwayoyin cutar sankarau:

Hasashen: Akwai kyakkyawar dama ta murmurewa ba tare da wani lahani na haɗin gwiwa ba, kuma yiwuwar samun cikakkiyar farfadowa, bisa ga binciken likita, an kiyasta kashi 90%, muddin an gudanar da magani a farkon mataki. Abubuwan da za su iya yin tasiri ga yiwuwar murmurewa sun fi yawa rashin lafiyar majiyyaci, jinkirin fara magani, ko kwayar cutar da ta fi muni fiye da yadda aka saba.

Aseptic meningitis:

Har yanzu masu bincike ba su yi nasarar gano musabbabin wannan nau’in kumburin ba, a kokarinsu na tayar da shi a al’ada, bayan da suka dauki samfurin ruwan jiki – daga nan ne aka yi wahayi zuwa ga sunan (amma akwai wasu hanyoyin da za su taimaka wajen tantance musabbabin hakan). na kumburi).

Mafi mahimmanci, dalilin shine kamuwa da kwayar cutar kwayar cuta (a wannan yanayin, cutar ta haifar da kwayar cutar), amma a cikin ƙananan lokuta, ana magana game da wani dalili na kamuwa da cuta, irin su parasites.

Viral meningitis (kumburi na membranes yana haifar da kwayar cutar):

Kwayoyin da aka fi amfani da su don haifar da sankarau sune enteroviruses. Sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta sune arbovirus, nau'in herpes simplex na baka na 2 da kwayar cutar ta rigakafi ta mutum (HIV). Cututtuka da cututtukan enteroviruses da ƙwayoyin cuta na arthropod ke haifarwa na yanayi ne, kuma yawansu yana ƙaruwa sosai a lokacin rani.

Hasashen: Yanayin cutar ba shi da kyau, zazzabi da ciwon kai suna raguwa a cikin kusan mako guda, kuma in ban da wasu lokuta da ba a saba gani ba, an gama warkewa a mafi yawan lokuta.

Alamomin cutar sankarau

Alamomin cutar sankarau Alamar da aka fi sani akan jarrabawa ita ce wahalar motsa wuya
(Kalmar “alamomin meningeal” na nufin abubuwan mamaki da majiyyaci ke ji da kuma bayyana su, yayin da kalmar “alama” na nufin abubuwan da likita ya lura da su yayin bincike.) Alamun ciwon sankarau wanda zai iya bayyana: ciwon kai, photophobia; Alamomi masu zuwa suna bayyana: Zazzaɓi, taurin lokacin motsi wuyansa a cikin jirgin sama na baya-baya (wannan alamar bazai bayyana a cikin yara da tsofaffi ba).

Mahimman ƙarin bayyanar cututtuka na cutar: Canji a cikin digiri na hankali, tashin zuciya da amai, tashin hankali (kamewa), cranial neuropathy, da ƙarin alamun da ke biyo baya na iya bayyana a jarirai da yara: Ƙunƙarar fushi, rashin kwanciyar hankali da damuwa a cikin halaye na cin abinci.

Alamomi da alamun ciwon sankarau: Alamomin gama gari sune ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, raunin gaba ɗaya, kuma alamar da aka fi sani akan gwaji shine wahalar motsa wuya (taurin kai). Hoton cutar sau da yawa ba shi da aro fiye da takamaiman hoton cutar sankarau.

Dalilai da abubuwan haɗari ga cutar sankarau

Mafi na kowa anti-mai kumburi ne pneumococci - alhakin game da rabin lokuta, kuma ana la'akari da su zama sanadin mafi girma rabo na mace-mace), meningococci - wanda wani lokacin ya bayyana a matsayin mai yatsa kurji, kunsha fitaccen purple dige), da kuma ( Hemofilus - yawan kamuwa da cuta tare da wannan ƙwayar cuta yana raguwa a hankali tun lokacin da alurar riga kafi ya zama abin karɓa, har ma da shawarar ga yara). Cututtuka da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta guda uku suna da kashi 80% na duk cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Mutanen da suka fi fuskantar haɗarin kamuwa da cutar su ne gungun mutanen da suka kamu da gurɓataccen wuri, kamar ciwon kunne na ciki, sinusitis a fuska (Sinusitis), ciwon huhu da endocarditis;
Ƙarin abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da: cirrhosis, barasa, cutar sankarau na jini, rushewar tsarin rigakafi, da raunin kai wanda ya haifar da zubar da ruwa na cerebrospinal kusa da lokacin kamuwa da cuta.
Mafi ƙanƙanta ƙwayoyin cuta shine Streptococcus B. Yawancin mutanen da ke kamuwa da wannan kwayar cutar, yara ne 'yan kasa da wata daya, Listeria, wanda ke haifar da cutar a tsakiyar jarirai da tsofaffi, Staphylococcus, ya haifar da kamuwa da cuta a tsakiyar mutanen da suka samu raunuka a kai ko kuma a cikin mutanen da suka sami ciwon kai. m aikin likita na kai.

maganin sankarau

Ana biye da shi nan da nan don magance cutar sankarau na farko tare da maganin rigakafi, da aka ba da yanayin haɗari na cutar, sau da yawa nan da nan bayan huda lumbar (bayan huda maimakon a gaba da shi don hana masking, kamar yadda magani yana haifar da canji mai sauri a cikin dabi'un ruwa na cerebrospinal. sa'an nan kuma yana da wuya a tantance daidai da cutar da kuma pathogen) da kuma kafin kayyade ainihin pathogen. Kwayoyin rigakafin da ake amfani da su don magani shine ceftriaxone, wanda ake ba da shi ta hanyar jiko, a kashi na 4 grams kowace rana. Wani magani na yau da kullun shine cefotaxime ta hanyar jiko na gram 12 a kowace rana.

Ga yara da tsofaffi, yawanci ana ƙara penicillin ta hanyar jiko, a kashi na gram 12 kowace rana. Ana ƙara Vancomycin a kashi na 2 grams a kowace rana, a lokuta na kumburi bayan rauni na kai ko bin hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da magani a kai.

Kwanan nan, an gano cewa ƙari gajiya na nau'in Dexamethasoone ya rage yawan mace-mace da haɗarin matsi na dindindin, kuma tare da tsarin cuta. (Maganin dexamethasone irin corticosteroid ana amfani da shi ne kawai a tsakanin yara, har ba a daɗe ba, kuma an gano yana ba da gudummawa sosai don rage rikice-rikice, musamman, rashin ruwa ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke haifar da cutar Haemophilus. an yarda don amfani a cikin manya Hakanan). Ƙayyade ƙwayar cuta da kuma ƙididdige ƙimar sa ga magunguna daban-daban yana ba da damar ci gaba da jiyya tare da mafi kyawun magani.

Maganin ciwon sankarau (aseptic meningitis): Jiyya sau da yawa yana tallafawa (kamar jiyya tare da masu rage radadi da ruwan jijiya) kuma ya dace da alamun mara lafiya.