Mafi ingancin seismometers

 Mafi ingancin seismmeters a duniya ban da Richter suna da yawa kuma sun bambanta

Mutane suna tunanin cewa girgizar ƙasa tana da iyaka kuma tana iya faruwa sau kaɗan kawai a cikin shekara, amma gaskiyar ita ce girgizar ƙasa tana faruwa koyaushe, amma yawancinsu suna da rauni har ba ma jin su.

Ba sa haifar da wata illa, a cewar mujallar.kimiyyar Amurka".

Amma kamar yadda ya faru da mummunar girgizar kasa da ta afku a wasu sassan Turkiyya da Siriya, akwai manyan girgizar kasa

Yana iya haifar da bala'i masu yawa a matakin ɗan adam da na duniya, kuma akwai matakai da yawa don auna girman girgizar ƙasa da girgizar ƙasa.

"Richter" shine ya fi kowa kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin kafofin watsa labaru.

Ko da yake aikin kimiyya na zamani ya maye gurbin ma'aunin Richter na asali da wasu ma'auni mafi inganci,

Har yanzu ana ambaton ma'aunin Richter a rahotannin labarai dangane da tsananin girgizar kasar.

a matsayin mafi yawan suna. Wadannan su ne ma'auni mafi mahimmanci da masana kimiyya suka dogara da su don auna girgizar kasa.

Richter da "matsakaicin girgizar asa"

Ma'aunin Richter shine ma'aunin ƙididdigewa da ake amfani da shi don auna tsananin girgizar ƙasa, ko girman ƙarfinsu.

Ana yin hakan ne ta hanyar tantance girman tsayin igiyar ruwan girgizar kasa mafi girma da aka gano a takamaiman tazara daga tushen girgizar kasa a lokacin girgizar kasar.

Tun da farko an tsara ma'aunin Richter ne don auna tsananin matsakaicin girgizar asa;

Wannan shine yadda ma'aunin ya samo asali

Wanne ke da ƙarfi daga digiri 3 zuwa 7 kawai, amma bullar girgizar asa da ta fi ƙarfin ta a Kudancin California,

Wannan ya haifar da haɓaka ma'aunin don auna ƙarfin girgizar ƙasa wanda ya wuce digiri 7, a cewar gidan yanar gizon.Michigan Tech".

Ma'aunin Richter ya kasance daga 1 zuwa 10, ta yadda duk wani karuwa na 1 akan ma'aunin Richter yana nufin karuwar karfin girgizar kasa daga karamar rukunin.

da sau 10, alal misali, girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 2 a ma'aunin Richter ta ninka karfin sau goma.

Wanda yana da ƙarfin 1 Richter kuma saboda haka ya fi ƙarfin sau goma, ba sau biyu ba.

Gabaɗaya, ƙarfin girgizar ya tashi daga digiri ɗaya zuwa uku akan ma'aunin Richter.

Babu wanda yake jin shi, kuma idan digirinsa ya kasance 4, ana kiransa "ƙananan", ma'ana cewa wasu mutane suna jin shi, amma ba ya haifar da wata babbar illa.

Kuma idan tsananin girgizar ya kasance daga 4 zuwa 4.9, to ana kiranta “ girgizar ƙasa mai haske.”

Duk mutane suna jin shi, kuma yana sa wasu abubuwa su farfashe, kamar raunin tagogi.

Idan karfin girgizar kasar ya kai digiri 5 zuwa 5.9, to ana daukarta a matsakaicin girgizar kasa.

Wato wadanda ke haifar da lalacewa ga wasu gine-gine da wuraren aiki masu rauni ko gurguntaccen tsari.

Girgizar kasa tana da ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi tsakanin digiri 6 zuwa 6.9, kuma tana iya haifar da ƙarama ko matsakaicin lalacewa ga wuraren da jama'a ke da yawa.

Dangane da yawan jama'a, kuma daga 7 zuwa 7.9, girgizar asa na zuwa a ƙarƙashin sunan "manyan girgizar asa", wato, waɗanda ke haifar da babbar illa ga manyan yankuna na duniya, kuma suna iya haifar da mutuwar ɗaruruwa ko dubbai.

Kuma idan girman girgizar ya kai tsakanin digiri 8 zuwa 9, wannan yana nufin cewa "babban girgizar kasa" ya faru.

Wanda ke haddasa mummunar barna da asarar rayuka a manyan yankunan kasar, kuma ya kamata a sani cewa a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2004 an yi girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 9.15.

Wani mataki daga tsibirin Sumatra, tsunami ya bazu zuwa Indonesia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka da sauran ƙasashe da dama na yankin, wanda ya haifar da lalata ƙauyuka da tsibirin masu yawon bude ido tare da kashe kusan mutane 230 ko bace.

A cewar hukumarIrinDon labaran ɗan adam, akwai hanyoyi da yawa na auna ƙarfin girgizar ƙasa wanda ya maye gurbin ma'auni

Richter ƙasa zuwa ƙirar hasashen da ke auna tasirin tattalin arzikin girgizar ƙasa a cikin al'umma.

Ma'aunin lokacin (Mw)

Girman lokacin girgizar ƙasa (Mw) shine ma'aunin da aka fi amfani dashi a yau don auna ƙarfin girgizar ƙasa wanda ke wakiltar adadin kuzarin da aka fitar daga gare ta a tushensa.

Hiroo Kanamori, Farfesa Emeritus a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California ne ya haɓaka ta.

A cikin seventies na karshe karni. An tsara shi ne don maye gurbin matakan girgizar ƙasa da yawa, ciki har da ma'aunin Richter

Wanda ya bayyana a wurin a cikin shekaru talatin na karnin da ya gabata, wanda ya dogara da yanayin yanayin yanayin jihar California kawai, wanda yawancin girgizar kasa da ke faruwa a cikinta ba su da zurfi.

Ma'aunin girgizar ƙasa yana ba da daidaiton ma'auni na girgizar ƙasa na kowane zurfin ta la'akari da ainihin yankin fashewar layin kuskure.

A cikin wannan mahallin, in ji Takeshi Koizumi, masani a hukumar kula da yanayi ta Japan

"Kafofin watsa labarai har yanzu suna magana game da ma'aunin Richter yayin da suke yada labaran girgizar kasa.

Amma masana kimiyya suna amfani ne kawai da matakin karfin juyi. Za'a iya ƙididdige matakin ƙarfin ƙarfi a cikin dabaru daban-daban.

Ya kara da cewa wadannan bayanai na da matukar muhimmanci ga masu binciken yanayi a lokacin da suke hasashen bala'in tsunami da sauran hadurran da ke tattare da girgizar kasa.

Modified Mercalli Scale (MMI)

Ma'aunin Mercalli da aka gyara ya bayyana girgizar ƙasa dangane da tasirinsu, inda ake amfani da lambobi na yau da kullun don auna ƙarfi da lambobi na Roman don bayyana tasirin girgizar ƙasa.

Kalmar tasirin girgizar ƙasa tana nufin girman girgizar da matakin lalacewa a wani takamaiman wuri.

Wani injiniyan girgizar kasa a Cibiyar Shirye-shiryen Bala'i na Asiya da ke Bangkok, Peranan Tuachiraport, ya yi bayani,

Cewa "Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa mafi girman ƙarfin girgizar ƙasa shine abin da ke haifar da lalacewa mafi girma,

Sai dai ba haka lamarin yake ba, domin barnar ta dogara da wurin da ake ciki, don haka idan kana da nisa daga cibiyar girgizar kasa, maiyuwa ba za ka yi tasiri sosai da girmanta ba sai kawai ka ji wani dan girgiza.

Towashiraborn yayi gargadin cewa girgizar kasa da ta faru a kusa da Christchurch a New Zealand a watan Fabrairun 2011, wanda

Girman 6.1 shaida ce cewa dogaro da ma'aunin ƙarfi kaɗai na iya zama yaudara

"Girgizar kasa mai saukin da bai wuce 6.1 ba na iya haifar da babbar illa da asarar rai idan ta faru a cikin zurfin zurfi."

Ya kasance kusa da wurin da jama’a ke da yawa.”

Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Japan Seismometer

Seismometer na Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Japan yana auna girman girgizar kasa ta hanyar amfani da sassan "shindo".

Ko da yake yana kama da ma'aunin Mercalli da aka gyara, amma bambancin da ke tsakaninsu shi ne, ma'aunin hukumar hasashen yanayi ta Japan yana auna girman daga 0 zuwa 7, yayin da ma'aunin Mercalli da aka gyara ya kasance daga 1 zuwa 12.

Ana amfani da ma'aunin Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Japan ne kawai a Japan da Taiwan, inda aka yi imanin cewa yana bayarwa

Bayanai mafi sauri a duniya game da girman girgizar ƙasa, kuma an shigar da na'urori don auna girman girgizar ƙasa.

a duk fadin kasar, yin lissafin da sauri da kuma ba da gargadi ga mutane.

Ƙimar Girgizar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Amsa (PAGER)

Dangane da tarihin muhawarar da aka kwashe shekaru da dama ana yi kan ko girman ko ma'aunin girma ya ba da mafi kyawun auna girgizar kasa,

A cikin 2010 Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayin ƙasa ta Amurka ta haɓaka fasaha

Sabuwar kimantawa nan take na girgizar ƙasa don amsawa (PAGER).

Wannan fasaha tana kimanta rarraba girgizar ƙasa, adadin mutane da al'ummomin da abin ya shafa, mace-mace da asara

yuwuwar bayyanar da tattalin arziki, ta hanyar la'akari da alkaluman al'umma, nau'ikan gine-gine, bayanai kan yanayin tattalin arziki da asarar bil'adama da aka tattara daga girgizar kasa da ta gabata.

Ƙididdiga na Gaskiya na Girgizar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Tsarin Amsa har yanzu sabo ne ga yawancin mutane.

Amma bayanan da take bayarwa na da amfani ga gwamnatoci da hukumomin agaji.

Baya ga samar da bayanan rage bala'i bayan bala'i, GSRT ta fi sauran tsarin aunawa ta hanyar ba da bayanan da ke taimakawa shirya girgizar ƙasa.

Kamar yadda wannan tsarin ke nuna mafi raunin tsarin da ke buƙatar ingantawa, wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa inda mutane ba sa bin ka'idodin gini yadda ya kamata.

Amma a cewar masana, har yanzu wannan tsarin yana buƙatar ƙarin sani daga gwamnatoci da al'ummar kimiyya

Su kuma kafafen yada labarai, domin auna karfi da karfi kadai bai wadatar ba wajen bayyana munin girgizar kasa.