Shin antidepressants suna da tasiri na gaske ko a'a?

Shin antidepressants suna da tasiri na gaske ko a'a?

Binciken baya-bayan nan cewa magungunan kashe-kashe ba su da tasiri wajen magance bakin ciki ya haifar da cece-kuce a cikin al'ummar kimiyya, wanda ke zama abin koyi ga wahalhalun da ake fuskanta wajen samun ingantacciyar fahimta da takamammen rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa.

Ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin da ke gudana a halin yanzu yana mai da hankali kan serotonin kuma yana danganta bacin rai zuwa rashi a cikin wannan sinadari, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga watsa abubuwan jin daɗi ga kwakwalwa.

An ba da halayen fushi saboda wasu masu bincike sun yi la'akari da cewa bacin rai ba shi da alaƙa da rashin daidaituwar sinadarai a cikin kwakwalwa saboda rashin sinadarin serotonin, wanda ke hana buƙatar magungunan rage damuwa.

Wani bincike da likitocin masu tabin hankali Mark Horowitz da Joanna Moncrieff suka yi, wanda aka buga a mujallar Molecular Psychiatry a watan Yulin da ya gabata, bai sami wata alaƙa da aka tabbatar ta kimiyance tsakanin rashi na serotonin da damuwa ba.

Likitocin biyu sun bayyana cewa binciken ya yi tambaya kan ainihin ka'idar da ke tattare da amfani da magungunan kashe-kashe, wanda aka kirkira da farko don gyara matakan serotonin, kuma ya rushe ka'idar da ta kafa tushen shekaru da yawa na aikin bincike.

An gudanar da binciken ne bisa wasu kasidun kimiyya da suka gabata, amma ba da jimawa ba aka sha suka, musamman a kan jam’iyyar da ta shirya shi.Doctor Joanna Moncrieff ta shahara da shakkun bayanan da ke tattare da ilimin halitta na bakin ciki da tsattsauran ra’ayi a kan bangaren harhada magunguna.

“Ina goyon bayan shawarar marubuta gabaɗaya game da ƙoƙarin da muke yi a yanzu, amma ban yarda da tsayayyen matsayinsu kan lamarin ba,” masanin ilimin hauka Phil Quinn ya rubuta a shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Watsa Labarai ta Kimiyya.

Quinn ya kara da cewa "Babu wani kwararre kan lafiyar kwakwalwa da zai iya goyan bayan ra'ayin cewa rashin lafiyar synaptik irin su bacin rai yana haifar da rashi a cikin kwayar cutar kwayar cutar," in ji Quinn.

"Mainstream" tunanin tunani

Wasu likitocin masu tabin hankali sun yi tambaya kan hanyoyin da binciken ya biyo baya, wanda ya dogara ne akan auna serotonin a kaikaice maimakon dogaro da adadin sinadarin kai tsaye.

Moncrieff, wacce ke son kawo sauyi a cikin abin da ta kira ka'idodin ilimin hauka na "na al'ada", ta yi la'akari da cewa ka'idar serotonin har yanzu tana da wani muhimmin wuri a cikin ilimin hauka, amma mayar da hankali kan hakan ya ragu.

Likitan tabin hankali na Burtaniya ya rubuta a shafinta cewa: “Ko da fitattun likitocin tabin hankali sun fara tambayar shaidar cewa baƙin ciki yana da alaƙa da ƙananan matakan serotonin, babu ɗayansu ya ta da batun a fili.

Moncrieff ya yi gargadin cewa bai kamata marasa lafiya su daina jinya ba tare da bata lokaci ba, amma sun ga cewa amfanin shan wadannan magungunan yana da shakku idan sun dogara ne akan ka'idar da ba ta da gaskiya.

Haɗin kai tsakanin baƙin ciki da serotonin yana da tushe sosai a cikin tunanin jama'a. A cikin littafinsa da aka buga a cikin 2019, marubucin Faransa Michel Houellebecq ya ba da sunan "serotonin" ga babban halin da ke fama da baƙin ciki.

Moncrieff ya tozarta ka'idar serotonin cikin tambaya game da ingancin magungunan rage damuwa na yanzu ya jawo mummunan zargi.

Yawancin ƙwararrun masana sun tabbatar da cewa an kimanta tasirin magungunan rage damuwa a kimiyyance, ba tare da la’akari da babban dalilin baƙin ciki ba.

A cikin wannan mahallin, masanin ilimin hauka dan kasar Switzerland Michel Hoffmann ya shaida wa kamfanin dillancin labaran Faransa na AFP cewa magungunan da aka rubuta don magance bakin ciki "yawanci adadi ne mai yawa, kuma a karshe, a mafi yawan lokuta, ba mu fahimci abin da ya sa maganin ya yi tasiri ba."

Rigimar da ke tattare da aikin serotonin yana nuna wahalar fahimtar yadda rashin lafiya mai rikitarwa irin su damuwa ke hulɗa da ilimin halitta da zamantakewa.

Kalubalen suna tura masu bincike daga samfuran da ba su cika a yanayi ba. A cikin wannan mahallin, Huffman ya ce, "Har yanzu muna cikin matakan ka'idoji ne kawai kuma muna ci gaba da neman samfura, gwada su, da fuskantar juna da su."