Hōʻike ʻia nā cell immune pohihihi i ka ʻōpū

Hōʻike ʻia nā cell immune pohihihi i ka ʻōpū

Ke hana nei e palapala i kēlā me kēia cell i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, ua ʻike kahi hui honua o nā ʻepekema i kahi ʻano o ka cell immune i ʻike mua ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū, a ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui ʻia kona noho ʻana i loko o ke kanaka a hiki i kēia manawa, hōʻike ʻo Live Science, e haʻi ana i ka Science.

Ua ʻike mua ʻia nā cell pohihihi, i kapa ʻia ʻo B-1 cell, i nā ʻiole i ka makahiki 2018, e like me ka loiloi ʻepekema 1 i paʻi ʻia ma ka Journal of Immunology. Hōʻike mua ʻia nā pūnaewele B-1 i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻiole, i loko o ka ʻōpū, a hana i nā antibodies like ʻole ke hoʻāla ʻia. Hoʻopili kekahi o kēia mau antibodies i nā ʻiole a kōkua i ka wehe ʻana i nā sela make a make mai ke kino. Hana pū nā pūnaewele B-XNUMX i nā antibodies e hana ma ke ʻano he lālani pale mua i nā pathogens, e like me nā maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi bacteria.

Ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka

Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūnaewele B-1 i nā ʻiole, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hui noiʻi ma 2011 ua loaʻa iā lākou nā cell like i loko o ke kanaka, akā ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia kēia mau hopena ma ke ʻano he hōʻike paʻa.

ʻO Thomas Rothstein, ke kaukaʻi a me ka luna hoʻokumu o ke Keʻena Investigative Medicine a me ka luna o ka Center for Immunobiology ma Western Michigan Medical School ʻo Homer Stryker, ʻo ia ka mea noiʻi mua i ka noiʻi mua, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia he mau hōʻike ikaika e ʻike ʻia nā cell B-1 i loko. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka, i ka wā mua a me ka lua o ka hānau ʻana.

ʻO Rothstein, ka mea i komo ʻole i ka noiʻi hou, ua hoʻohui ʻo nā hopena o ka noiʻi hou loa "e hōʻoia a hoʻonui i ka hana i paʻi mua ʻia (noi)."

ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale

ʻO Kauka Nicole Baumgarth, he kaukaʻi ma ka UC Davis Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, ʻaʻole nō hoʻi i komo i loko o ka noiʻi hou, ua manaʻo ʻo ia ʻo ka ʻikepili a me nā ʻike hou o ka noiʻi "ʻo ia ka mea paʻa loa" a kākoʻo i ka manaʻo o ke kanaka. lawe pū i nā pūnaewele B-1, me ka hoʻohui ʻana ʻO ka manaʻo, hiki i nā cell B-1 ke hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala mua ʻana, a ma ke aʻo hou ʻana iā lākou, e hoʻomaikaʻi paha ka poʻe ʻepekema i ko lākou ʻike i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana pale kino kanaka.

Atlas o nā pūnaewele kanaka

Ua paʻi ʻia ka noiʻi hou me ʻekolu mau haʻawina ʻē aʻe, i alakaʻi ʻia e ka Human Cell Atlas Consortium (HCA), kahi hui noiʻi honua e hana ana e ʻike i ka wahi, ka hana a me nā ʻano o kēlā me kēia ʻano cell i loko o ke kino kanaka. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana, ʻo nā haʻawina ʻehā e pili ana i nā loiloi o ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona mau pūnaewele kanaka, e hōʻike ana ma mua o 500 mau ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole mai 30 mau ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa.

ʻOiai ʻo ka mea noiʻi alakaʻi i ka noiʻi hou, ʻo Professor Sarah Tishman, ke poʻo o ka 'Oihana o Cytogenetics ma ka Wellcome Sanger Institute ma ʻEnelani a me ka luna hoʻomalu o ke Kōmike Hoʻonohonoho o ka Atlas of Human Cells, i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo nā haʻawina ʻo "Google maps of ke kino kanaka, me ka hōʻike pololei” o kēlā me kēia pūnaewele a me ko lākou wahi.

e ulu ana i ke kino

Ua kālele ʻo Polofesa Tishman a me nā hoa hana i kā lākou mau hana i nā cell immune, a ʻo ia hoʻi, nā cell immune e puka mai ana i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻili mai nā ʻiʻo ʻeiwa e ulu ana, e like me ka thymus, kahi gland e hana ai i nā cell immune a me nā hormones, a me ka fetal yolk sac, kahi hale liʻiliʻi e hānai ai i kahi pēpē i ka wā hāpai mua. No ka Human Developmental Biology Resource nā ʻāpana kikoo a pau i kālailai ʻia e ka hui, ka waihona kikoo UK e mālama ana i nā ʻiʻo fetal a me nā ʻiʻo fetal, me ka palapala ʻae mai nā mea hāʻawi.

ʻOi aku ka lahilahi ma mua o ka lauoho kanaka

ʻO nā mea a pau, ua uhi ka ʻikepili i ka wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana mai ʻehā a 17 mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, i ka wā mua a me ka lua o nā trimesters o ka hāpai ʻana. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Polofesa Tishman, ua lawe ka poʻe noiʻi i nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻekiʻe o kēia kiko ma ka pālākiō o 0.001 iniha (50 microns), ʻoi aku ka lahilahi ma mua o ka lauoho kanaka. Ma ka pae hoʻokahi-cell, ua kālailai ka hui i nā 'RNA transcripts' a pau i loko o kēlā me kēia kiko, e hōʻike ana i nā protein ʻokoʻa i hana ʻia e kēlā me kēia cell. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau transcripts, hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke hana i nā inferences e pili ana i ka ʻike a me ka hana o kēlā me kēia cell.

Ma o kēia hōʻike kikoʻī, ʻike ka hui i nā cell e kūlike me ka wehewehe ʻana o nā cell B-1 i loaʻa i nā ʻiole, e pili ana i ko lākou ʻano a me ka manawa o ka nānā ʻana.

B-2

"Ma ka ʻōnaehana ʻiole, ʻike mua ʻia nā cell B-1 - ʻike mua ʻia," wahi a Kauka Rothstein. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻano cell immune ʻē aʻe, i kapa ʻia ʻo B-2, a laila puka mai ma hope o nā cell B-1 mua a lilo i ʻano nui loa o ka cell B i ka ʻiole. ʻOiai ua wehewehe ʻo Polofesa Tishman e hiki i nā cell immune ke kōkua i ke kālai ʻana i nā ʻiʻo hou i kona ʻano.

ʻOki ʻili

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dr. Baumgarth: "Ke noʻonoʻo ʻoe e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka fetal, ma ke ʻano nui, aia ka nui o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ka ʻiʻo i nā manawa āpau." No ka laʻana, hana mua ke kanaka i ka webbing ma waena o ko lākou manamana wāwae, akā mae hou ma mua o ka hānau ʻana. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia he mea hiki ke kōkua nā cell B-1 i ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻiʻo i ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, akā ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia he kuhi ia ma kāna ʻaoʻao.

Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ia ma waho aʻe o ke kālai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo, hiki i nā cell B-1 ke hāʻawi i kahi pae o ka pale pale ʻana i nā pathogens liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hele i ka pale placental.