Za matenda obisika .. meningitis ndi mitundu yake, zizindikiro

Meningitis ndi matenda otupa omwe amakhudza mucous nembanemba kuzungulira ubongo ndi msana, chifukwa cha matenda a bakiteriya kapena ma virus.

Bacterial meningitis:

Kuneneratu: Pali mwayi wabwino wochira popanda kuwonongeka kulikonse, ndipo mwayi wochira kwathunthu, malinga ndi kafukufuku wamankhwala, akuti pafupifupi 90%, malinga ngati chithandizo chikachitika msanga. Zinthu zomwe zingakhudze mwayi wochira ndizo makamaka kudwala kwa wodwala, kuchedwa kuyamba kulandira chithandizo, kapena kachilombo koyambitsa matenda amphamvu kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse.

Aseptic meningitis:

Ochita kafukufuku sanakwanitse kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa kutupa kwamtunduwu, poyesa kukweza chikhalidwe, atatenga chitsanzo cha madzi a m'thupi - kuchokera apa, dzinalo linauziridwa (koma pali njira zina zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa chifukwa chake wa kutupa).

Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chake ndi matenda a virus (panthawiyi, matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kachilomboka), koma pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa china choyambitsa matenda, monga majeremusi, chimakambidwa.

Viral meningitis (kutupa kwa nembanemba kumayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo):

Ma virus omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyambitsa meningitis ndi enteroviruses. Zomwe zimayambitsa ma virus ndi arbovirus, oral herpes simplex mtundu 2 ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma enterovirus ndi ma virus a arthropod ndi a nyengo, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kumawonjezeka kwambiri m'chilimwe.

Kudziwiratu: Matendawa sakhala bwino, kutentha thupi ndi mutu kumachepa mkati mwa sabata, ndipo kupatulapo nthawi zina, kuchira kumakhala kokwanira nthawi zambiri.

Zizindikiro za meningitis

Zizindikiro za meningitis Chizindikiro chodziwika kwambiri pakuwunika ndizovuta kusuntha khosi
(Mawu akuti “meningeal zizindikiro” amatanthauza zochitika zomwe wodwalayo amamva ndi kufotokoza, pomwe mawu akuti “chizindikiro” amatanthauza zinthu zomwe dokotala amawona pomuyeza.) Zizindikiro za meningitis zomwe zingawonekere: mutu, photophobia; Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonekera: Kutentha thupi, kuuma pamene mukusuntha khosi mu ndege yapambuyo-pambuyo (chizindikirochi sichingawonekere mwa ana ndi okalamba).

Zowonjezereka zowonetsera matenda: Kusintha kwa mlingo wa chidziwitso, nseru ndi kusanza, kugwidwa (kukomoka), cranial neuropathy, ndi zizindikiro zowonjezera zotsatirazi zingawonekere mwa makanda ndi ana: Kupsa mtima kwambiri, kusakhazikika komanso kusokonezeka m'madyedwe.

Zizindikiro za aseptic meningitis: Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi mutu, nseru, kufooka kwathunthu, ndipo chizindikiro chodziwika bwino pakuwunika ndizovuta kusuntha khosi (kuuma khosi). Chithunzi cha matenda nthawi zambiri sichimabwereka poyerekeza ndi chithunzi cha bakiteriya meningitis.

Zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zoopsa za meningitis

Mankhwala oletsa kutupa kwambiri ndi pneumococci - omwe amachititsa pafupifupi theka la milandu, ndipo amawerengedwa kuti ndi omwe amachititsa imfa zambiri), meningococci - yomwe nthawi zina imawoneka ngati zotupa, zomwe zimakhala ndi madontho ofiirira), ndi ( Hemofilus - chiwopsezo cha matenda ndi bakiteriyayu chatsika pang'onopang'ono kuyambira pomwe katemera adavomerezeka, komanso amalimbikitsidwa kwa ana). Matenda omwe ali ndi majeremusi atatuwa amachititsa 80% ya matenda onse a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chotenga matendawa ndi gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, monga matenda a khutu lamkati, sinusitis pamaso (Sinusitis), chibayo ndi endocarditis;
Zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zimaphatikizapo: matenda a cirrhosis, uchidakwa, matenda oopsa a maselo a magazi, kusokonezeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, ndi kuvulala mutu komwe kunayambitsa kutuluka kwa cerebrospinal fluid pafupi ndi nthawi ya matenda.
Matenda owopsa kwambiri ndi Streptococcus B. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndi ana osakwana mwezi umodzi, Listeria, omwe amayambitsa matendawa pakati pa ana obadwa kumene ndi okalamba, Staphylococcus, adayambitsa matendawa pakati pa anthu omwe amavulala kwambiri m'mutu kapena mwa anthu omwe adadwala. opaleshoni opaleshoni mutu.

chithandizo cha meningitis

Iwo amatsatiridwa yomweyo kuchiza oyambirira oumitsa khosi ndi maantibayotiki, kupatsidwa zoopsa chikhalidwe cha matenda, nthawi zambiri mwamsanga pambuyo puncture lumbar (pambuyo puncture osati pamaso izo kuteteza masking, monga mankhwala amayambitsa kusintha mofulumira mu cerebrospinal madzimadzi makhalidwe. ndiyeno zimakhala zovuta kudziwa molondola za matendawa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) komanso tisanadziwe kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi ndani. Mankhwala ochizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ndi ceftriaxone, omwe amaperekedwa ndi kulowetsedwa m'mitsempha, pa mlingo wa magalamu 4 patsiku. Chithandizo china chodziwika bwino ndi cefotaxime ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mtsempha wa magalamu 12 patsiku.

Kwa ana ndi okalamba, penicillin nthawi zambiri amawonjezedwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mtsempha, pa mlingo wa magalamu 12 patsiku. Vancomycin amawonjezedwa pa mlingo wa 2 magalamu patsiku, ngati kutupa kumatsatira kuvulala kwa mutu kapena kutsatira njira zachipatala pamutu.

Posachedwapa, anapeza kuti Kuwonjezera wa corticosteroid wa mtundu Dexamethasone amachepetsa chiwerengero cha amafa ndi chiopsezo cha kulumala okhazikika, pakati pa akuluakulu ndi emphysema wa ubongo minofu, ndi okwera intracranial kuthamanga, ndi ndi ukali matenda ndondomeko. (Kuchiza ndi corticosteroid-mtundu wa dexamethasone kumangogwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pakati pa ana, mpaka posachedwapa, ndipo kunapezeka kuti kumathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa vutoli, makamaka, kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi mwa odwala omwe amayamba chifukwa cha Haemophilus influenzae. Monga tafotokozera poyamba, izo zimachepetsanso kuopsa kwa vutoli. zaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa akuluakulu Komanso). Kudziwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuyerekeza tilinazo zosiyanasiyana mankhwala kumathandiza kupitiriza mankhwala ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri mankhwala.

Kuchiza kwa aseptic meningitis: Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chothandizira (monga mankhwala ochepetsa ululu ndi madzi amtsempha) komanso oyenerana ndi zizindikiro za wodwalayo.