Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa nzeru ndi chibadwa?

Luntha, cholowa ndi ubale pakati pawo, mbiri yakale ya kusagwirizana pa chikhalidwe cha nzeru ndi determinants ake. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwake ngati sayansi yodziyimira pawokha mu 1879, psychology yawona malingaliro angapo, chilichonse chomwe chimapereka lingaliro losiyana. Malingaliro awa akhoza kugawidwa, malinga ndi "Oxford Handbook", m'masukulu awiri a maganizo. Woyamba amalingalira kuti pali luso limodzi lokha lanzeru. Ena a iwo amanena kuti ndi yokhazikika komanso yokhudzana ndi cholowa cha chibadwa cha munthu, monga ambiri a eni ake a sukuluyi amakhulupirira kuti luntha limeneli likhoza kuyesedwa ndi mayesero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito paliponse komanso nthawi zonse. Sukulu yachiwiri imaganiza kuti pali mitundu ingapo yanzeru, yomwe sinakhazikike ndipo zambiri sizingayesedwe ndi njira zachikhalidwe izi.

Lingaliro lazinthu zitatu zanzeru, lopangidwa ndi Robert Sternberg waku Yale University kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, ndi la sukulu yachiwiri. Zimatengera miyeso itatu, ndipo gawo lililonse limakhudzana ndi luntha lapadera. Luntha limeneli limamasuliridwa kupyolera mu kupambana mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wokhudzana ndi zochitika zenizeni ndi zosintha ndi malo. Choncho, malinga ndi maganizo ake, ambiri a iwo sangayesedwe ndi kufufuzidwa ndi miyezo yamba; Koma pali miyezo yambiri komanso yosakhazikika. Ndiko kuti, zimatengera "kuthekera kwa munthu kudziwa mphamvu zake ndi zofooka zake komanso momwe angakulitsire mphamvu ndikuchepetsa zofooka," akutero. Miyeso itatu ndi:

1. Mulingo wothandiza, womwe umakhudzana ndi kuthekera kwa munthu kulimbana ndi mavuto omwe amakumana nawo m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku; Mwachitsanzo, kunyumba, kuntchito, kusukulu ndi ku yunivesite. Nthawi zambiri, lusoli limakhala lokhazikika, ndipo limalimbikitsidwa pakapita nthawi kudzera muzochita. Pali anthu omwe amathera nthawi yochuluka pa ntchito inayake ndipo amadziwa pang'ono chabe. Ponena za iwo omwe ali ndi luntha lothandiza, ali ndi kuthekera kokulirapo kutengera malo atsopano aliwonse, ndi momwe angasankhire njira zatsopano zothana nawo, ndikuwongolera.

2. Gawo lachidziwitso ndikupangidwa kwa mayankho osadziwika komanso odziwika kale, malingaliro ndi malingaliro. Pokhala watsopano, luso lachilengedwe ndi losalimba komanso losakwanira chifukwa ndilatsopano. Chifukwa chake sichingawunikidwe ndikuwunikidwa molondola. Sternberg adamalizanso kuti anthu opanga zinthu amapanga zinthu zina osati zina; Zatsopano sizichitika konsekonse.

3. Mulingo wowunikira, wokhudzana ndi luso losanthula, kuyesa, kufanizitsa ndi kusiyanitsa, ndipo maluso awa nthawi zambiri amapezedwa, mwina kuchokera kwa ena m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, kapena kusukulu ndi kuyunivesite, ndipo amatha kuyesedwa ndi njira zachikhalidwe.