Kodi kufunika kwa chaka chodumphadumpha mu kalendala ndi chiyani?

Kodi kufunika kwa chaka chodumphadumpha mu kalendala ndi chiyani?

Pa February 29 ndi tsiku losowa, chifukwa ndi tsiku lokhalo lomwe silichitika pachaka, koma limakumana ndi anthu kamodzi pazaka zinayi zilizonse. koma kamodzi pa zaka zinayi zilizonse.

Zaka zodumphadumpha ndi zaka zomwe zimakhala ndi masiku 366 m'malo mwa masiku 365 a kalendala, ndipo zimachitika zaka zinayi zilizonse mu kalendala ya Gregory, yomwe ndi kalendala yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano ndi mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Tsiku lowonjezera, lomwe limadziwika kuti leap day, ndi February 29, lomwe kulibe zaka zosadumpha.

Mwanjira ina, chaka chilichonse chomwe chimagawika ndi zinayi ndi chaka chodumphadumpha, monga 2020 ndi 2024, kupatula zaka 00 kapena zaka zomwe zimatha ndi nambala 1900, monga chaka cha XNUMX.

Webusaiti ya "Live Science", yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri nkhani za sayansi, inasindikiza lipoti latsatanetsatane, lomwe Al Arabiya Net adawona, kufotokoza zifukwa ndi momwe "chaka chodumpha" chinawonekera, ndi mbiri yake padziko lapansi.

Lipotilo linanena kuti makalendala ena omwe si a Kumadzulo, kuphatikizapo kalendala ya Chisilamu, kalendala ya Chihebri, kalendala ya ku China, ndi kalendala ya ku Ethiopia, alinso ndi matembenuzidwe a zaka zodumphadumpha, koma zaka zonsezi sizimabwera zaka zinayi zilizonse ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachitika zaka. zosiyana ndi zimene zili mu kalendala ya Gregory. Makalendala ena amakhalanso ndi masiku angapo odumphadumpha kapenanso kufupikitsa miyezi yodumphadumpha.

Kuphatikiza pa zaka zodumphadumpha ndi masiku odumphadumpha, kalendala (ya Kumadzulo) ya Gregorian ilinso ndi masekondi ochepa, omwe amawonjezedwa apa ndi apo kuzaka zina, posachedwapa mu 2012, 2015 ndi 2016. Komabe, bungwe la International Bureau of Weights and Measures (IBWM), lomwe ndi bungwe loyang'anira nthawi padziko lonse lapansi, lichotsa masekondi angapo kuyambira 2035 kupita mtsogolo.

Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira zaka zodumphadumpha?

Lipoti la Live Science likuti zaka zodumphadumpha ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndipo popanda iwo, zaka zathu zikanawoneka mosiyana kwambiri pamapeto. Zaka zodumphadumpha zimakhalapo chifukwa chaka chimodzi mu kalendala ya Gregorian ndi chachifupi pang'ono kuposa chaka cha dzuwa kapena kutentha, yomwe ndi nthawi yomwe dziko lapansi limatenga kuti lizungulire dzuwa nthawi imodzi. Chaka cha kalendala chili ndendende masiku 365, koma chaka cha dzuwa ndi pafupifupi masiku 365.24, kapena masiku 365, maola 5, mphindi 48 ndi masekondi 56.

Ngati sitiganizira kusiyana kumeneku, chaka chilichonse chomwe chikadutsa tidzalemba kusiyana pakati pa chiyambi cha chaka cha kalendala ndi chaka cha dzuwa chomwe chidzakula ndi maola 5, mphindi 48 ndi masekondi 56 chaka chilichonse, ndipo izi zidzakula. kusintha nthawi ya nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati titasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zaka zodumphadumpha, pambuyo pa zaka pafupifupi 700, chilimwe kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi chingayambe mu December m’malo mwa June.

Kuonjezera masiku odumphadumpha chaka chilichonse chachinayi kumathetsa vutoli chifukwa tsiku lowonjezera limakhala lotalika mofanana ndi kusiyana komwe kumachuluka panthawiyi.

Komabe, dongosololi silili langwiro: timapeza mphindi 44 zowonjezera zaka zinayi zilizonse, kapena tsiku limodzi zaka 129 zilizonse. Kuti tithane ndi vutoli, timadumpha zaka 400 zilizonse kupatulapo zomwe zimagawika ndi 1600, monga 2000 ndi XNUMX. Koma ngakhale panthawiyo, panalibe kusiyana kochepa pakati pa zaka za kalendala ndi zaka za dzuwa, ndichifukwa chake bungwe la International Bureau of Weights and Measures linayesanso masekondi angapo.
Koma kawirikawiri, zaka zodumphadumpha zimatanthauza kuti kalendala ya Gregorian (Western) imakhalabe yogwirizana ndi ulendo wathu wozungulira dzuwa.

Mbiri ya zaka zodumphadumpha

Lingaliro la zaka zodumphadumpha limabwerera ku 45 BC, pamene Mfumu yakale ya Roma Julius Caesar anakhazikitsa kalendala ya Julius, yomwe inali ndi masiku 365 ogawidwa m'miyezi 12 yomwe timagwiritsabe ntchito pa kalendala ya Gregory.
Kalendala ya Julian imaphatikizapo zaka zodumphadumpha zaka zinayi zilizonse popanda kupatulapo, ndipo idalumikizidwa ndi nyengo zapadziko lapansi chifukwa cha "Chaka Chomaliza cha Chisokonezo" mu 46 B.C., chomwe chinaphatikizapo miyezi 15 yokhala ndi masiku 445, malinga ndi University of Houston.

Kwa zaka zambiri, kalendala ya Julian inkaoneka kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, koma pofika chapakati pa zaka za m’ma 10, akatswiri a zakuthambo anaona kuti nyengo inali kuyamba masiku XNUMX m’mbuyomo kusiyana ndi mmene ankayembekezera pamene maholide ofunika kwambiri, monga Isitala, sankagwirizananso ndi zochitika zinazake, monga zachikondwerero. equinox.

Kuti athetse vutoli, Papa Gregory XIII anayambitsa kalendala ya Gregory mu 1582, mofanana ndi kalendala ya Julian koma osaphatikizapo zaka zambirimbiri za zaka XNUMX.

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, kalendala ya Gregory inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maiko Achikatolika okha, monga Italiya ndi Spanya, koma m’kupita kwa nthaŵi inalandiridwanso ndi maiko Achiprotestanti, monga ngati Great Britain mu 1752, pamene zaka zake zinayamba kupatuka kwambiri ndi zija za maiko Achikatolika.

Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa makalendala, mayiko amene pambuyo pake anasinthira ku kalendala ya Gregory anakakamizika kudumpha masiku kuti agwirizane ndi dziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Britain anasintha makalendala mu 1752, September 2 anatsatiridwa ndi September 14, malinga ndi Royal Greenwich Museum.

Lipoti la Live Science likumaliza kuti anthu adzakakamizika nthawi ina m'tsogolomu kuti ayang'anenso kalendala ya Gregory chifukwa sagwirizana ndi zaka za dzuwa, koma zidzatenga zaka masauzande kuti izi zichitike.

Pisces amakonda horoscope m'chaka cha 2024