Chernobyl .. njodzi yakagadzirwa nevanhu, inodzokororwa nhasi

Imwe yenjodzi yakaipisisa yakaitwa nevanhu munhoroondo yayo, kuputika kwenzvimbo yemagetsi enyukireya yeChernobyl kuchamhembe kweUkraine, kwakashandura Pripyat yaimbove nevanhu vakawanda kuita guta remweya uye rakazozivikanwa se "ghost city."

Chigadzirwa cheChernobyl, chakatumidzwa zita reSoviet-nguva Vladimir Lenin, ndiyo yekutanga magetsi enyukireya akambovakwa paivhu reUkraine.

Kuvakwa kwegwenya racho kwakatanga muna 1970, uye makore manomwe gare gare reactor yokutanga yakatanga kushanda, uye pakasvika 1983 mareactor mana egweta racho akanga achigadzira inenge 10 muzana yemagetsi eUkraine.

Ipo fekitori yakanga ichivakwa, hurumende yeSoviet yakavaka guta rekutanga renyukireya kuti ribatanidze vashandi nemhuri dzavo, njodzi isati yaitika, uye pakamuka guta rePripyat, iro rakavambwa muna Kukadzi 4, 1970 seguta rakavharwa renyukireya. yepfumbamwe muSoviet Union.

Vagari veguta racho pazuva renjodzi musi waApril 26, 1986 vaiva vanhu vanenge zviuru makumi mashanu, avo vaiva nyanzvi, vashandi uye mhuri dzavo dzaishanda muchigadzirwa chenyukireya, uye nhasi Pripyat inomiririra mufananidzo wehutsinye hwenguva yenyukireya.

Husiku hwaApril 25, 1986, boka revainjiniya pachiteshi, reactor nhamba yechina, rakatanga kuedza nemichina mitsva nemichina, uye hapana aitarisira kuti husiku huno hahungapfuuri murunyararo.

Mainjiniya aifanira kudzikisa kugona kweiyo reactor kuti ipedze basa radzo, asi nekuda kwekukanganisa, kubuda kwakadzika kusvika padanho rakakosha, zvichikonzera kudzima kunenge kwakazara kweiyo reactor.

Chisarudzo chakaitwa pakarepo kuwedzera chiyero chesimba, uye ipapo reactor yakatanga kupisa nekukurumidza, uye mushure memasekondi mashoma kuputika kukuru kwakaitika.

Kuputika kwacho kwakaparadza musimboti we reactor, zvichibatidza moto wakagara kwemazuva mapfumbamwe.

Izvi zvakakonzera kuburitswa kwemagasi eradioactive neguruva renyukireya mumhepo pamusoro pe reactor, izvo zvakagadzira gore guru mudenga rakabhururuka rakananga kuEurope.

Ukuru hwezvinhu zvine mwaranzi inobudisa mwaranzi zvikuru zvakadzingwa zvakafungidzirwa kuva matani anenge 150 akakwira mumhepo yakapoteredza pasi, achiratidzira vanhu kumwaranzi inopeta neka90 kupfuura zvakaitika nebhomba reatomu reHiroshima muJapan.

Kubvumbi 26 raive zuva rakaoma uye raityisa, uye pamakumi maviri nenomwe, nzira dzekubuda dzakatanga, izvo zvakatora maawa matatu, nevanhu zviuru makumi mana nezvishanu vachiendeswa kunzvimbo dziri pedyo, kure nekukanganisa kwazvino, vachiteverwa nevanhu zviuru zana negumi nemazana matanhatu vaifanira kubva munzvimbo iyi nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza. nzvimbo.

Vanhu vanenge 600 XNUMX vanobva munyika dzose dzaichimbova dzeSoviet vakabetsera mukubviswa kwacho.

Pakarepo mushure menjodzi, kufa kwevanhu ve31 kwakashumwa, nepo migumisiro yemwaranzi yakawanda inokuvadza yakabata vanhu vanenge 600 XNUMX. Nhamba yepamusoro yemwaranzi yakagamuchirwa nevanenge XNUMX vashandi vekukurumidzira mukati mezuva rokutanga renjodzi.

Pakazara, vanenge 8.4 miriyoni vagari veBelarus, Russia neUkraine vakasangana nemwaranzi.

Maererano neUkraine Chernobyl Federation, vanhu vanenge 9000 vakaurayiwa nekuda kwemigumisiro yenjodzi iyi, kusanganisira zvirwere zvisingaperi zvakadai sekenza, asi 55 vakaremara nekuda kwenjodzi iyi.

Nguva pfupi mushure mekuputika, nzvimbo yekusarudzika ine radius yemakiromita makumi matatu (30 mi) yakagadzwa, uye mumashure menjodzi, vashandi vakavakawo nhoo yenguva pfupi pamusoro peiyo reactor yakaparadzwa, iyo yainzi Coffin.

Nokufamba kwenguva, iyi sarcophagus yakaderera, uye muna 2010 kuvakwa kwechipingamupinyi chitsva kwakatanga, kudzivirira kumwe kudonha muiyo yakaremara reactor.

Asi nguva pfupi yadarika basa panhovo rakamiswa pakati pedambudziko muUkraine.

Musi waChikunguru 7, 1987, vatanhatu vaichimbova vakuru vakuru nenyanzvi dzegwenya renyukireya reChernobyl vakamiswa pamberi pedare, vachipomerwa mhosva yekuregeredza uye kutyora mitemo yekuchengetedza.

Vatatu vavo: Viktor Broyhov - aimbova mukuru wechiteshi cheChernobyl, Nikolai Fomin - aimbova injiniya mukuru uye Anatoly Dyatlov - aimbova mutevedzeri weinjiniya mukuru, vakatongerwa makore gumi mujeri.

Yekupedzisira reactor paChernobyl yakavharwa zvachose nechirevo chehurumende yeUkraine muna 2000.

Chigadzirwa chemagetsi chakakuvadzwa chinotarisirwa kubviswa zvachose panosvika 2065.

Muna Zvita 2003, United Nations General Assembly yakazivisa Kubvumbi 26 seZuva Renyika Dzekurangarira Vakakuvadzwa Nenjodzi Nenjodzi.