Dengue fever.. Denda iri rinotapurirwa sei, ndezvipi zvarinokonzera, uye tinozvidzivirira sei kwariri

Dengue fever chirwere chinotakurwa neumhutu chakapararira nekukurumidza kumatunhu ese eWHO mumakore achangopfuura. Utachiona hweDengue hunoparadzirwa neumhutu hwechikadzi, zvikuru Aedes aegypti uye, kusvika pamwero muduku, Aedes albopictus. Mhando iyi yeumhutu inotapurira chikungunya, yellow fever uye Zika virus. Dengue fever yakapararira munzvimbo dzinopisa, uye mwero wayo wekuoma unosiyana munharaunda, maererano nezviratidzo zvemamiriro ekunze uye magariro nemhoteredzo.

Dengue fever inokonzera hurwere hwakasiyana-siyana, hunogona kubva kuzvirwere zvine subclinical zviratidzo (vanhu vangasatomboziva kuti vane hutachiwana) kusvika kune zvakanyanya, zviratidzo zvefuruwenza kune avo vanotapukirwa. Kunyange zvazvo dengue yakaoma isinganyanyi kuitika, vamwe vanhu vanogona kutapukirwa nayo uye inogona kusanganiswa nehuwandu hwematambudziko ane chokuita nekubuda ropa kwakanyanya, kukundikana kwenhengo uye / kana kubuda kweplasma. Ngozi yekufa neutachiona hwefivha iyi inowedzera kana ikasabatwa nemazvo. Yakatanga kuzivikanwa mumakore makumi mashanu ezana ramakore rapfuura panguva yekubuda kwedenda redengue fever muThailand nePhilippine. Dengue yakakomba nhasi inobata nyika zhinji muAsia neLatin America, uye yave iri honzeri huru yekurapwa muchipatara nerufu muvana nevakuru mumatunhu maviri aya.

Dengue inokonzerwa nechirwere cheflavivirus.Kune marudzi mana akasiyana ehutachiwana anokonzera dengue, kunyange zvazvo aine hukama hwepedyo kune mumwe nemumwe (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, neDENV-4). Zvinotendwa kuti kupora kwemurwere kubva kuutachiona hweHIV kunomupa kusadzivirirwa kweupenyu hwese nerudzi rwaakatapukirwa narwo, kunyangwe kudzivirirwa kwemuviri kunowanikwa mushure mekupora kune mamwe marudzi kunoramba kuri kwechinguva uye kwechinguva. Chirwere chinotevera nemamwe marudzi ehutachiwana (chirwere chechipiri) chinowedzera njodzi yedengue yakaoma.

Dengue ine akasiyana epidemiological mapatani anoenderana neina hutachiona serotypes. Aya ma serotypes anogona kutenderera-tenderera mukati medunhu, uye chokwadi kune nyika dzakawanda dzakanyanya kupararira neserotypes mana ehutachiona. Dengue fever iri kuva nemigumisiro inotyisa pahutano hwevanhu uye hupfumi hwepasi rose uye hwenyika zvakafanana. Vafambi vanotapurwa ne<em>dengue fever vanowanzotakura utachiona hwefivha kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe; Kana mavectors anotapurika aripo munzvimbo idzi nyowani, kutapurirana kwenzvimbo kunogona kubata.

mutoro wepasi rose

Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, mwero yefivha yedengue yakawedzera zvinoshamisa munyika yose. Mhosva zhinji ndeye asymptomatic kana nyoro uye inozvidzora, saka iyo chaiyo nhamba yemakesi haina kutaurwa. Zviitiko zvakawanda zvinoonekwawo zvisirizvo semamwe matambudziko efivha [1].

Imwe fungidziro yekuenzanisira ndeyekuti kune 390 miriyoni zviitiko zvechirwere chedengue virus pagore (95% yenguva yekuvimba ye284-528 miriyoni kesi), iyo 96 miriyoni (67-136 miriyoni zviitiko) vane zvakakosha zviratidzo zvekiriniki. chirwere chacho). Imwe ongororo, mukufungidzira kwayakaita kupararira kwechirwere chedengue, inoratidza kuti njodzi yekubatwa nemavhairasi efivha inofungidzirwa kuva vanhu mabhiriyoni 3.9. Pasinei nenjodzi huru yekutapukirwa munyika 129 [3], Asia inotambura ne70% yemutoro wayo chaiwo [2].

Huwandu hwevarwere vedengue vakashumwa kuWHO hwawedzera kakapetwa ka8 pamakumi maviri emakore apfuura, kubva pa430 505 muna 2000 kusvika pamamiriyoni maviri nemazana mana muna 2.4 uye kusvika pamamiriyoni mashanu nemazana maviri muna 2010. Kufa kunonzi kwawedzerawo. 5.2 vakafa kusvika mazana mana nemakumi matatu nevaviri vafa, kunyanya pakati peboka diki. Huwandu hwenyaya hunoratidzika kunge hwadzikira muna 2019 na2000, sezvakaita kufa kunonzi. Nekudaro, iyi data haisati yakwana, uye denda reCCIDID-2015 rinogona kunge rakadzivirirawo nyaya kubva kutaurwa munyika dzakawanda.

Kuwedzera kunotyisa uku kwenhamba dzekesi dzese mumakore makumi maviri adarika zvakakonzerwa nekuchinja kwemaitiro enyika ekurekodha uye kuzivisa nyaya dzedengue kumabazi ehutano neWHO. Asi zvakare inomiririra kucherechedzwa nehurumende kwemutoro we dengue fever uye kukosha kwekutaura mutoro wayo.

Dengue fever kuparadzirwa uye kubuda kwehuwandu

1970 asati asvika, nyika 9 bedzi dzakava nedenda rakaipisisa redengue. Nhasi, chirwere ichi chinopararira munyika dzinopfuura zana mune WHO Regions of Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia uye Western Pacific. Matunhu eAmerica, Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia neWestern Pacific ndiwo ari kunyanya kukanganiswa, Asia ichitakura 100% yemutoro wepasi rose.

Pamusoro pekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwezviitiko zvechirwere ichi sezvachinopararira kunzvimbo itsva, kuputika kwekuputika kunoitikawo. Zvino kuti kubuda kwechirwere chedengue kungangoitika muEurope; Kutapurirana kwechirwere ichi kwakatanga kutaurwa muFrance neCroatia muna 2010, uye nyaya dzekunze dzakaonekwa mune dzimwe nyika nhatu dzeEurope. Muna 3, kubuda kwechirwere chedengue fever kwakaonekwa muzvitsuwa zvePortugal zveMadeira, zvakakonzera kutapukirwa kunodarika zviuru zviviri, uye nyaya dzakatorwa kunze kwenyika dzakaonekwa munyika yePortugal nedzimwe nyika gumi muEurope. Iko zvino kucherechedzwa kuti kune zviitiko zvakachena gore rega rega munyika shoma dzeEurope.

Gore ra2019 rakaona nhamba yepamusoro yedengue nyaya dzakambotaurwa munyika. Matunhu ese eWHO akabatwa uye kutapurirana dengue fever kwakanyorwa kekutanga muAfghanistan.

Dunhu reAmerica chete rakashuma mamirioni mazana matatu nemazana matatu ezviitiko, izvo zvinopfuura zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu zvakanzi zvakaomarara. Pasinei nenhamba inotyisa iyi, nzufu dzakakonzerwa nadzo dzanga dziri shoma pane dzadzakanga dzakaita mugore rapfuura.

Kuwedzera kwenhamba yezviitiko zvechirwere ichi yakashumwa muBangladesh (000 101 kesi), Philippines (000 420 kesi), Viet Nam (000 320 kesi) uye Malaysia (000 131 kesi) muAsia.

Muna 2020, dengue yakabata nyika dzinoverengeka, nehuwandu hunowedzera hwakataurwa muEcuador, Indonesia, Brazil, Bangladesh, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Cook Islands, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Sudan, Mayotte (French), Maldives, Mauritania, Nepal, India uye Yemeni. Muna 2021, dengue fever inoramba ichibata Paraguay, Brazil, Peru, Cook Islands, Reunion Island, Philippines, Viet Nam, Fiji, Colombia, Kenya neIndia.

Denda reCCIDID-19 riri kuisa dzvinyiriro huru pahutano hwehutano uye manejimendi masisitimu. WHO yakasimbisa kukosha kwekusimbaradza kuedza kudzivirira, kuona, uye kurapa zvirwere zvinotakurwa nemavheji zvakaita sedengue nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa neArthropod panguva yedenda iri, iro riri kuona spikes muhuwandu hwezviitiko munyika dzinoverengeka, zvichiita kuti vagari vemumaguta vanyanye kunetseka. kune zvirwere izvi.. Iko kusanganiswa kwekukanganisa kweCCIDID-19 denda uye dengue fever inogona kutungamira kumhedzisiro yakaoma kune vanhu vari munjodzi.

kutapurirwa kwechirwere

Inotapuriranwa kuburikidza nekurumwa neumhutu

Hutachiona uhu hunotapuriranwa kuvanhu kuburikidza nekurumwa neumhutu hwechikadzi hune utachiona, zvikuru hwerudzi rweAedes aegypti. Mamwe marudzi ehumhutu hweAedes anogona zvakare kuve mavector echirwere, asi mupiro wadzo mukutapurirana idiki kana uchienzaniswa neAedes aegypti.

Pashure pokunge umhutu hwadya ropa romunhu ane utachiona hwedengue, utachiona hwacho hunowanda pakati pahwo husati hwapinda munhengo dzahwo dzechipiri, kusanganisira matinji ahwo. Nguva iyo umhutu inotora kubva pakumedza utachiona kusvika pakuhupfuudza kune imwe itsva inodaidzwa kuti external incubation period. Nguva iyi inotora mazuva anenge masere kusvika gumi nemaviri kana tembiricha iri pakati pe8 ne12 degrees Celsius [25-28]. Kusiyana-siyana kwekunze kwekunze nguva yekunyungudika hakungokonzerwi nekushisa kwemukati; Pane kudaro, zvinhu zvakawanda zvakadai sehukuru hwekushanduka kwekushisa kwemazuva ose [4, 6], genotype yehutachiona [7] uye kutanga kwehutachiona hwehutachiona [8] inogonawo kuchinja nguva inotora kuti mosquito itumire. Kana mosquito ichinge yatapuriranwa, inokwanisa kutapurira utachiona kwehupenyu hwayo hwose.

Kutapurirana kubva kumunhu kuenda kuumhutu

Umhutu hunogona kutapurirwa dengue fever kubva kuvanhu vane utachiona muropa ravo. Uyu anogona kunge ari munhu ane symptomatic dengue fever, munhu asati aratidza zviratidzo zvehutachiona, kana munhu asina kana zviratidzo zvachose [11].

Utachiona hunogona kutapurirwa kubva kuvanhu kuenda kumhutu mazuva maviri munhu asati ava nezviratidzo [5, 11], uye mazuva maviri mushure mokunge fivha yapera [12].

Iko mukana wekutapukirwa kweumhutu nechirwere ichi kunowedzera nekuvapo kwepamusoro kwevhairasi muropa muropa remurwere uye kupisa kwepamusoro kwemuviri wemuviri wake. Kusiyana neizvi, mazinga epamusoro eropa ehutachiona hwedengue-yakanangana nemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere anobatanidzwa nekuderera kwemukana wekutapukirwa neumhutu (Nguyen et al. 2013 PNAS). Utachiona hunoramba huri muropa revanhu vazhinji pakati pemazuva mana ne4, asi kurarama kwahwo kunogona kutora mazuva gumi nemaviri [5].

Kutapurirwa kwehutachiona kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana

Nzira huru yekutapurirana nayo utachiona hwedengue pakati pevanhu kuburikidza nezvinotakura humhutu. Zvakadaro, pane humbowo hunoratidza mukana wekutapurira utachiona kubva kuna amai (mukadzi ane pamuviri) kuenda kumwana wake, kunyange hazvo huwandu hwekutapurirwa utachiona kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana huchiita kunge hwakaderera, zvichipihwa kuti njodzi yekutapurirana nenzira iyi. inoratidzika kunge yakabatana nenguva yehutachiona hwedengue panguva yekuzvitakura [14-17]. Kana amai vakatotapukirwa nehutachiona hwedengue panguva yekuzvitakura, mwana wavo anogona kuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana uye anogona kutambura nehuremu hwekuzvarwa uye kushushikana kwe fetal [18].

dzimwe nzira dzekutumira

Kashoma zviitiko zvekutapurirana kuburikidza nezvigadzirwa zveropa, kupa nhengo uye kuwedzerwa ropa zvakashumwa. Saizvozvowo, zviitiko zvekutapurirwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona muumhutu zvakanyorwa zvakare.

Vector ecology

Mosquito yeAedes aegypti ndiyo inokonzera dengue fever. Inogona kuberekera mumidziyo yechisikigo yakaita semakomba emiti nemiti yebromeliad, asi yakajairana nenzvimbo dzemumaguta uye mbesa kunyanya mumidziyo yakagadzirwa nevanhu, kusanganisira mabhaketi, mapoto evhu, midziyo yakaraswa, matai akashandiswa, matangi ekuunganidza mvura, nezvimwewo. inoita dengue hosha yakavanzika mumaguta ane vanhu vakawanda. Umhutu hunodya masikati; Nguva dzayo dzinoruma dziri pamusoro padzo mangwanani-ngwanani uye manheru zuva risati ranyura [19]. Mosquito yechikadzi inonzi Aedes aegypti inoruma kakawanda pakati penguva mbiri dzega dzega painokandira mazai ayo, izvo zvinotungamirira kumapoka evanhu vane utachiona [20]. Kana angokandwa, mazai aya anogona kurarama kwemwedzi yakati wandei munzvimbo yakaoma uye anochochonya kana asangana nemvura.

Aedes albopictus, wechipiri vector ye dengue fever, inowanikwa kune dzinopfuura 32 nyika muUnited States of America uye nyika dzinopfuura makumi maviri neshanu dziri mudunhu reEurope, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutengeserana kwenyika dzese mumatai akashandiswa (nzvimbo inoberekesa umhutu) nedzimwe. zvinhu (zvakadai se clematis). Inofarira kuberekera munzvimbo dziri pedyo nezvinomera zvakakora, kusanganisira minda, uye inobatanidzwa nenjodzi yakawedzera yehutachiona pakati pevashandi vekumaruwa, sevaya vari muminda yerabha neoiri yemichindwe, asi yakaratidzawo kuberekera mumaguta. Aedes albopictus inoratidzwa nekugona kwayo kuchinjika, uye kupararira kwayo kwakakura kwenzvimbo kunonzi kugona kwayo kutsungirira tembiricha yakaderera, ingave zai kana mosquito yevakuru [25, 21]. Zvakafanana neAedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus inobhururuka mukati mezuva uye nhamba shoma yekubuda yakanzi ndiyo yekutanga vector ye dengue virus mairi, mumamiriro ezvinhu apo Aedes aegypti isipo kana kuti iripo muhuwandu hwakaderera [22, 23] .

Chirwere maitiro (zviratidzo uye zviratidzo)

Kunyange zvazvo nyaya zhinji dzechirwere chedengue dziine zviratidzo kana kuti dzinogona kuperekedzwa nezviratidzo zvakapfava, dzinoratidza sehurwere hwakanyanya, sefuruwenza inobata vacheche, vana vadiki nevakuru, asi kashoma kuuraya. Zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinogara mazuva 7-4 zvichitevera incubation nguva yemazuva 10-25 uye mushure mekunge munhu arumwa neumhutu hune utachiona [25]. World Health Organization inoisa dengue fever muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru zvinotevera: dengue (ine/isina zviratidzo zvinonyevera) uye dengue yakakomba. The subclassification ye dengue senge nezviratidzo zvekunyevera kana pasina inotarisirwa kubatsira varapi vehutano kutarisa varwere vanoda kuchipatara, kuve nechokwadi chekutarisira uye kuderedza dambudziko rekuwedzera dengue [XNUMX].

dengue fever

Dengue inofanira kufungidzira kana munhu aine fivha yakanyanya (40°C/104°F) ine zviratidzo zviviri zvezvinotevera panguva yefivha (mazuva 7-XNUMX):

• musoro wakakomba
• Marwadzo kuseri kwemaziso
• Kurwadza kwetsandanyama nemajoini
• kuda kurutsa
• kurutsa
• kuzvimba glands
• Kubuda kweganda

Dengue yakaoma

Murwere anowanzo pinda iyo inonzi yakaoma nhanho mukati memazuva matatu kusvika ku3 mushure mekutanga kwezviratidzo zvechirwere. Mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere echikamu chakakomba, chikamu chidiki chevarwere chinogona kuratidza kuwedzera kamwe kamwe kwezviratidzo. Iri ndiro danho apo tembiricha yemurwere inodzikira (pasi pe7°C/24°F) uye inogona kuratidza zviratidzo zvine chokuita nedengue yakakomba. Dengue fever yakanyanya inogona kukonzera matambudziko anouraya kubva pakubuda kweplasma, kuungana kwemvura, kutadza kufema, kubuda ropa kwakanyanya, kana kutadza kushanda kwenhengo.

Heano zviratidzo zvekunyevera vanachiremba vanofanira kutarisa:

• kurwadziwa kwakanyanya mudumbu
• kuramba kurutsa
• kukurumidza kufema
• Kubuda ropa matinji kana mhino
• stress
• kubvunda
• Hepatomegaly
• Kuvapo kweropa mumarutsi kana mutsvina.

Uye kana murwere achiratidza zviratidzo izvi panguva yakaoma yechirwere, zvinofanirwa kuti ave pasi pekutariswa kwepedyo mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere kuitira kuti amupe kurapwa kwakakodzera kuitira kudzivirira matambudziko uye mukana werufu. . Kunyatsotarisisa kunofanirawo kuenderera mberi panguva yekupora.

Diagnostics

Nzira dzinoverengeka dzinogona kushandiswa kuongorora hutachiona hwedengue. Kushandiswa kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuongorora kunoenderana nenguva yekutanga kwezviratidzo zvechirwere. Mienzaniso inounganidzwa kubva kuvarwere mukati mevhiki yekutanga yechirwere ichi inofanira kuongororwa uchishandisa nzira dzinotsanangurwa pasi apa.

Utachiona hwekuzviparadzanisa nzira

Utachiona hunogona kuparadzaniswa kubva muropa mumazuva ekutanga ehutachiona. Nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita reverse transcriptase-PCR assay dziripo uye inzira dzekuyedza dzereferenzi. Nekudaro, zvinoda hunyanzvi hwekushandisa uye kudzidziswa kwevashandi kuita bvunzo idzi.

Utachiona uhwu hunogonawo kuonekwa nekuongorora mapuroteni ahunogadzira, anonzi nonstructural proteins 1. Kune ongororo dzinogadzirwa nekukurumidza dzekuongorora dzinowanikwa nechikonzero ichi dzinongotora maminetsi makumi maviri chete kumhanya kuona mhedzisiro uye hazvidi hunyanzvi hwemurabhoritari kana michina.

Serological nzira

Serological nzira dzakadai se enzyme-yakabatana immunoassays inogona kusimbisa kuvapo kwehutachiona huchangobva kuitika kana hwekare kuburikidza nekuona anti-dengue antibodies. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere eIgM anogona kuonekwa vhiki imwe chete abatwa nechirwere, uye anogona kuonekwa kwemwedzi inenge mitatu, uye kuvapo kwawo kunoratidza utachiona huchangoburwa nehutachiona hwedengue. IgG masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anotora nguva yakareba kuti aumbe pane mamwe mazinga uye arambe ari mumuviri kwemakore mazhinji. Kuvapo kweIgG antibodies kunoratidza hutachiona hwekare nehutachiona hwedengue.

kurapwa

Hapana kurapa kwakananga kwedengue. Varwere vanofanira kuzorora, kunwa mvura yakakwana uye kutsvaka mazano kuna chiremba. Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvekiriniki nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, varwere vanogona kutumirwa kumba kana kuendeswa kuchipatara kuti vatarisire kana vangada kurapwa kwekukurumidzira kana kutumirwa nekukurumidza [25].

Kutsigira kwekuchengetedza senge antipyretics uye marwadzo ekudzivirira anogona kupihwa kudzora zviratidzo zvetsandanyama aches, marwadzo uye fivha.

• Acetaminophen kana paracetamol ndiyo nzira dzakanakisa dziripo dzekurapa zviratidzo izvi.
• Iwe unofanirwa kudzivisa kutora zvisiri-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, zvakadai se ibuprofen uye aspirin. Iyi mishonga inopesana nekuputika inoshanda nekutetepa maplatelet muropa uye inogona kuipa kufungidzira mumamiriro echirwere ichi nekukwanisa kwayo kubuda ropa.

Kune dengue yakaipisisa, hupenyu hunogona kuponeswa nekuda kwekurapa kunopiwa navanachiremba uye vanamukoti vane ruzivo mumigumisiro nematanho echirwere - kutarisira kwakadaro kunoderedza nhamba yevakafa kusvika pasi pe1% munyika dzakawanda.

Kudzivirira dengue fever

Mushonga wekutanga wekudzivirira dengue, Dengvaxia® (CYD-TDV) wakagadzirwa neSanofi Pasteur Vaccine Laboratory, wakapihwa rezenisi muna Zvita 2015 uye parizvino wawana mvumo yekushandiswa munyika makumi maviri. Muna Mbudzi 20, mhedzisiro yeimwe ongororo yekudzokororwa kweiyo serostatus mamiriro ejekiseni panguva yekudzivirira yakabudiswa. Ongororo yacho yakaratidza kuti boka revatori vechikamu vakawanikwa sero-negative panguva yekudzivirira kwavo kwekutanga vaive panjodzi huru yedengue yakaoma uye yekuiswa muchipatara nekuda kwedengue pane vasina kuvharirwa vatori vechikamu. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwejekiseni yeCYD-TDV kune vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzine utachiona pakati pemakore 2017 ne9 avo vane chikamu chimwe chechirwere che dengue munguva yakapfuura. Vanhu vanoverengeka vanodzivirira dengue fever vari kuongororwa.

Chinzvimbo cheWHO pamushonga weCYD-TDV [26]

A WHO chinzvimbo bepa (Gunyana 2018) paDengvaxia [26] inotaura kuti mhenyu yakanyungudutswa yeCYD-TDV dengue yekudzivirira yakaratidza kushanda uye kuchengetedzeka mumiyedzo yekiriniki yakaitwa kune vakambotapukirwa nehutachiona hwe dengue (sero-positive vanhu). Nyika dziri kufunga kubaiwa nhomba sechikamu chezvirongwa zvadzo zvedengue dzinokurudzirwa kushandisa pre-vaccination screening strategy. Zvinoenderana nehurongwa uhu, kubaiwa nejekiseni iri kwaizongoitwa kune vanhu vane humbowo hwekare hutachiona hwedengue (zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere kana zvinyorwa zvehutachiona hwakasimbiswa murabhoritari munguva yakapfuura). Sarudzo pamusoro pekushandiswa kweiyo pre-vaccination triage zano inosanganisira kuomesesa-nhanho-nhanho yekuongorora nyika, kusanganisira kutariswa kwekunzwa uye kujeka kwebvunzo dziripo, zvinokosheswa munharaunda, nyika-chaiyo dengue epidemiology, febrile kuchipatara mazinga uye kukwanisa kweiyo CYD yekudzivirira. - TDV uye macasi-screening bvunzo ese ari maviri.

Kudzivirira kunofanirwa kutorwa sechikamu chechirongwa chekudzivirira nekudzora dengue. Pane kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kuomerera kune mamwe ese matanho ekudzivirira hosha, akadai seakamisikidzwa uye akanyatsochengetedzwa ekudzora mavector matanho. Vanhu, pasinei nokuti vakabaiwa nhomba here kana kuti kwete, vanofanira kutsvaka rubatsiro rwezvokurapa nokukurumidza kana vakava nezviratidzo zvakafanana neizvo zve<em>dengue fever.

ngozi zvinhu

Chirwere chekare chedengue fever chinowedzera mukana wekuti vanhu vave nechirwere chedengue chakanyanya.

Urbanization (kunyanya isina kudzorwa) inosanganiswa nekufambiswa kwechirwere chedengue kuburikidza neakawanda magariro-zvakatipoteredza zvinhu: kuwanda kwehuwandu hwevanhu, kufamba kwevanhu, kuwana kune yakavimbika sosi yemvura, tsika yekuchengetedza mvura, zvichingodaro.

Kusangana nenharaunda kudengue kunoenderanawo neruzivo rwechiverengero chavagari vapasi, maitiro uye maitiro pamusoro pe dengue, pamwe nekuita zvechinyakare, inoenderera, inoenderera mberi yekudzora hutachiona munzanga.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, njodzi dzechirwere dzinogona kushanduka uye kuchinja nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze munzvimbo dzinopisa uye subtropics, uye mavekita anogona kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze matsva.

Kudzivirira nekudzivirira zvirwere

Kana uchiziva kuti une dengue, chenjerera kudzivisa kumwe kurumwa neumhutu muvhiki yekutanga yehurwere hwako. Utachiona hunogona kunge huri kutenderera muropa rako panguva iyoyo, uye nokudaro kuva nzira yekuparadzira utachiona kune tumbuyu hutsva kubva kumhutu husina kutakura hutachiona hwahwo, kuti hupfuure kune vamwe vanhu.

Kuva pedyo kwenzvimbo dzekuberekera humhutu hunopfuudza chirwere ichi kunzvimbo inogara vanhu ndechimwe chezvinhu zvine ngozi uye zvakakosha pachirwere chedengue. Parizvino, pane nzira imwe chete huru yekudzora kana kudzivirira kutapuriranwa kweutachiona hwedengue, uye ndiyo kudzora umhutu hunoparadzira chirwere ichi. Heino nzira yekuita izvi:

• Kudzivirira kubereka kwe mosquito nezvinotevera:
  • kudzivirira umhutu kubva pakuwana nzvimbo yavo yekukandira mazai nekutora matanho ekugadzirisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kugadzirisa;
  • kuraswa kwakafanira kwemarara akaomarara uye kubviswa kwenzvimbo dzekugara dzakagadzirwa nevanhu uko mvura inogona kuunganidza;
  • Midziyo yekuchengetera mvura yemumba inovharwa, inodururwa uye kucheneswa pasvondo rega rega;
  • kushandiswa kwezvipembenene zvakakodzera mumidziyo yekuchengetedza mvura kunze;

• Aya anotevera matanho ekuzvidzivirira kubva pakurumwa neumhutu:
  • Shandisa zvidziviriro zvemba zvemunhu zvakaita semafafitera skrini, zvinodzinga, makoiri, uye zvinofusa. Matanho aya anofanirwa kucherechedzwa mukati mezuva mukati nekunze (semuenzaniso uri kubasa/kuchikoro), nekuti mosquito huru inoruma mukati mezuva;
  • Zvinokurudzirwa kupfeka zvipfeko zvinoderedza kusvibiswa kweganda kune umhutu;

• Kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda:
  • dzidzisa nharaunda nezve njodzi yezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa neumhutu;
  • Kudyidzana nenharaunda kuvandudza kutora chikamu kwemunhu uye kuunganidza kune inoenderera mberi vector control;

• Nyatsoongorora umhutu nemavhairasi:
  • Kuongororwa kwehuwandu hwevector uye kuongororwa kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti zvionekwe kushanda kwemavector control interventions.
  • Kutarisirwa kutariswa kwehuwandu hwehutachiwana pakati pezviputi zveumhutu pamwe chete nekuongororwa kunoshanda kwemasoja evarindi;
  • Vector surveillance inogona kusanganiswa nekiriniki uye yezvakatipoteredza kuongorora.

Pamusoro pezvo, tsvagiridzo iri kuenderera mberi pakati pemapoka mazhinji evabatsiri vepasirese mukutsvaga maturusi matsva nemaitiro matsva ekubatsira mukuedza kwepasi rose kumisa kutapuriranwa kwedengue. WHO inokurudzira kubatanidzwa kwevector manejimendi nzira kuitira kuti iite inogoneka, inoshanda uye inogadziriswa munharaunda inogadziriswa vector kupindira.