Ndivanaani vafambi veArab vane mukurumbira munhoroondo yese?

Ndivanaani vafambi veArab vane mukurumbira munhoroondo yese?MaArabu, avo vaive nemukurumbira wevanotama-tama, uye vamwe vavo vaidzidzira kufamba vachitsvaga nyika dzepasi rino, izvo zvaisazivikanwa kusati kwauya masatellite nenzendo dzekuongorora.

Ndivanaani vafambi veArab vane mukurumbira munhoroondo yese?

Ibn battouta

Ibn Battuta zvimwe ndiye ane mukurumbira wechiArab mufambi wenguva dzose. Ibn Battuta akatanga nzendo dzake dzakawanda nerwendo rwokuenda kuMecca muna 1325, kureva kuti asati ava nemakore 22. Akabva atenderera pasirese asati adzoka ndokufira munyika yake makore akapoteredza 1368-69. Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta akaberekerwa muTangiers, Morocco muna 1304, uye akanga ari nyanzvi yejogirafi, mutongi, nyanzvi yemiti, uye zvinonyanya kukosha, akanga ari mufambi. Akumbirwa naSultan Abu Enan Faris bin Ali, Ibn Battuta akarayira kuti aende kune mumwe mabharani wedare raSultan ainzi Ibn al-Jawzi, uye izvi ndizvo zvakachengetedza nzendo dzaIbn Battuta kwemakore akawanda. Ibn Battuta akapinda nemuzvikwiriso zvakawanda mukati merwendo rwake, kuti ashande somutongi rimwe zuva ndokuva mupoteri kubva kune rimwe zuva kururamisira, asina kana chinhu chakaparara chenyika kunze kwenguo yake, uye pasinei neizvi zvose zvinokwira nekudzika. haana kurasikirwa nechido chake chekufamba uye kuwanikwa. Haana kuzorora akanyarara apo mamiriro ake ezvinhu akange akagadzikana uye haana kurasikirwa nerudo rwekunakidzwa apo nyika yakashanduka maari.Kana tichigona kudzidza chero chinhu kubva munzendo dzaIbn Battuta, kusatomborasikirwa nechido chedu chechokwadi.

Ibn Majid

Shihab al-Din Ahmad bin Majid al-Najdi akaberekerwa mumhuri yevatyairi mukutanga 1430s muguta diki iro rava chikamu cheUnited Arab Emirates, kunyangwe panguva iyoyo yaive yeOman. Akadzidza kubva achiri mudiki hunyanzvi hwekufambisa chikepe mukuwedzera pakudzidza Korani, uye dzidzo iyi yakazoumba hupenyu hwake semutyairi wechikepe uye munyori. Ibn Majid aiva mufambisi wezvikepe, munyori wemifananidzo, muongorori, munyori uye nyanduri. Akanyora mabhuku akawanda aitaura nezvekufamba mugungwa, uye nhetembo dzakawanda.Ibn Majid ainzi Shumba yeMakungwa, uye vakawanda vanofunga kuti ndiye akabatsira Vasco de Gama kuti awane nzira yokubva kumhenderekedzo yeEast Africa kuenda kuIndia. iyo Cape yeGood Hope, uye vamwe vanotenda kuti ndiye chaiye Sinbad akaivaka Idzo nyaya dzeSinbad the Sailor. Pasinei nechokwadi chokuti akanga ari mutyairi wengarava ane mukurumbira, mabhuku ake anokosha echokwadi mukufamba nengarava akabatsira pakudhirowa kwemepu dzakawanda. Zuva rakafa Ibn Majid harizivikanwi, kunyange zvazvo maiva muna 1500, sezvo iri ndiro zuva renhetembo dzake dzokupedzisira, pasina chakanyorwa.

Ibn Hawqal

  Muhammad Abu al-Qasim Ibn Hawqal akaberekerwa uye akakurira muIraq. Kubva paudiki hwake, aive nechido chekuverenga nezvekufamba uye nzendo, uye kudzidza nezve madzinza akasiyana nemamwe marudzi pasi rese aigara. Saka paakakura, akasarudza kupedza upenyu hwake achifamba uye achidzidza zvakawanda nezvemamwe marudzi.Akafamba kekutanga muna 1943, uye akafamba nenyika dzakawanda, dzimwe nguva aitofanira kufamba netsoka. Nyika dzaakashanyira dzinosanganisira North Africa, Egypt, Syria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Iran, uye pakupedzisira Sicily, uko mashoko ake anogurwa.Ibn Hawqal akaunganidza nzendo dzake mubhuku rake rine mukurumbira rinonzi The Paths and Kingdoms, uye kunyange zvazvo Ibn Hawqal akataura. tsananguro ine udzamu yenyika dzose dzaakashanyira, vamwe vanyori havatore tsananguro iyoyo zvakakomba nekuti aida Akataura nganonyorwa dzaanosangana nadzo uye nyaya dzinosetsa uye dzinosetsa. , izvi hazvipokane kuti aive uye achiri mumwe wevafambi vane mukurumbira vechiArabu.

Ibn Jubayr

Ibn Jubayr aive geographer, mufambi uye mudetembi kubva kuAndalusia, kwaakaberekerwa muValencia. Nzendo dzaIbn Jubayr dzinotsanangura mafambiro aakaita kubva muna 1183 kusvika 1185 paakafamba kubva kuGranada kuenda kuMecca, achipfuura nenyika dzakawanda achidzoka nekudzoka. Ibn Jubayr anotaura tsananguro ine hudzamu yenyika dzose dzaakafamba nadzo.Kukosha kwenyaya dzaIbn Jubayr kunokonzerwawo nekuti anotsanangura mamiriro emaguta mazhinji aimbova chikamu cheAndalusia asati adzokera kuhutongi hwemadzimambo echiKristu nguva iyoyo. Inotsanangurawo mamiriro eEgypt pasi pehutungamiri hwaSalah al-Din al-Ayyubi.Zvichida Ibn Jubayr haana kufamba nzendo dzakawanda sevamwe vafambi vechiArabu, asi rwendo rwake rwakakosha zvikuru uye runowedzera zvakawanda munhoroondo.