IQ-yagu ma hoos u dhacaa da'da?

IQ-yagu ma hoos u dhacaa da'da?

Qaar badan oo inaga mid ah ayaa laga yaabaa in ay yaqaaniin fikradda ah in marka aan da'danahay, aynu noqonno kuwa maskax ahaan dhaq-dhaqaaqa, laakiin ma la qiyaasi karaa hoos u dhacan ama, si kale, IQ our hoos u dhaco da'da?

cabbirka IQ

Sida lagu sheegay warbixin ay daabacday “Science Alert”, khubarada ku xeel dheer sirdoonka, culuumta hab-dhaqanka iyo cilmi-nafsiga ayaa damcay inay su’aalahan ka jawaabaan, waxayna ku billaabeen inay bixiyaan qeexidda IQ iyo sida loo cabbiro, sida Michael Thomas, oo ah khabiir ku takhasusay cilmu-nafsiga iyo neerfayaasha. oo ka socda Jaamacadda Birkbeck ee England, ayaa sheegaysa in IQ ay tahay "celcelis ahaan dhibcaha laga helay tiro hawlo ah, marka la barbar dhigo sida wanaagsan ee kuwa kale u shaqeynayaan."

Professor Thomas waxa uu intaa ku daray in imtixaanada sirdoonku ay qiimeeyaan awoodaha kala duwan sida sida wanaagsan ee ay maskaxdu u xajisato oo ay u barato macluumaadka, fikirka aan la taaban karin, iyo habaynta aragga, isaga oo sharaxaya in IQ loola jeedo dhibcaha caadiga ah marka loo eego dadka kale ee ay isku da'da yihiin qofka qaatay. imtixaanada. Haddii caqligiisu uu yahay celcelis da'diisa, dhibcaha IQ-gu waxay noqonayaan 100. Haddii ay ka sarreeyaan celceliska, waxay ka sarreeyaan 100 celcelis ahaanna waxay ka hooseeyaan 100.

Sababta xasiloonida IQ

Professor Thomas ayaa sheegay in haddii imtixaan IQ ah la qaado had iyo jeer, taas oo ah, haddii qofku uu imtixaan kale galo 10 sano gudahood, dhibcaha IQ waxay u badan tahay inay isku mid yihiin. Sababta qiimaha ay u joogto waa in mar walba lagu qiyaaso dadka kale ee ay isku da'da yihiin.

Professor Alan Kaufman, oo ah khabiir ku takhasusay imtixaannada sirdoonka kana tirsan jaamacadda Yale ee dalka Maraykanka, ayaa sharaxaya “IQ waxa had iyo jeer la xisaabiyaa da’da qofka, haddii ay tahay 10, 15, 25, 50, 72 ama 88. Markaa dadka da’da ah ayaa is barbar dhigaya. 25-jirka ayaa marka la eego tirada alaabta la barbar dhigo 25-sano jir, isagoo leh "si sax ah ayay uga jawaabaan hawl kasta oo la qabto, si la mid ah XNUMX-jirka marka loo barbardhigo XNUMX-jirka kale".

Kaufman wuxuu ku daray in, "Koox kasta oo da 'kasta, celceliska IQ waxaa lagu dejiyay 100. Laakiin ma barbardhigi karno celceliska IQ ee kooxda da'da weyn sababtoo ah, qeexid, koox kastaa waxay ku celcelisaa 100."

hababka cabbiraadda kala duwan

Si loo cabbiro inta IQ isbeddelay waqti ka dib, Kaufman wuxuu yidhi, waxaan u baahanahay inaan awoodno inaan is barbar dhigno IQ dadka waaweyn iyo kuwa dhiggooda ah ee da'da yar. Tani inta badan suurtagal maaha sababtoo ah hababka cabbiraadda iyo tijaabinta sidaas darteed hab ka duwan oo lagu cabbiro IQs ayaa loo baahan yahay kooxaha da'aha kala duwan sida dhalinyarada ama waayeelka.

"Waxa ugu horreeya ee aan u baahanahay inaan sameyno waa inaan helno 'cabbirka' caadiga ah ee isbarbardhigga dadka waaweyn," Kaufman ayaa sharraxay, isagoo sharxaya in ay suurtagal noqon doonto in la barbardhigo waxqabadka dadka da'doodu tahay 70, 60, 50 iyo 40, marka loo eego heerarka tixraaca ee waxaa loo dejiyay dhalinyarada.

"Cilmi-baadhisteyda, waxaan ku qeexnay dhalinyarada inay jiraan ku dhawaad ​​30 sano (badanaa 25 ilaa 34 jir)," Kaufman ayaa tiri. Sidan, celceliska IQ ee dhallinyaradu waxay noqon doontaa 100 sababtoo ah waa sida heerarka loo horumariyo. Marka aan is barbar dhigno dadka waaweyn inta lagu jiro nolosha dadka da'da yar, waxay noo sheegi doontaa sida IQ isu beddelo markaan sii weynaanno."

Noocyo badan oo garaadka

Marka imtixaannadan la qaado, Kaufman wuxuu yidhi, "waxaa jira, meesha ugu horeysa, hoos u dhac muuqda [IQ], laakiin dhammaan noocyada sirta ah ma hoos u dhacaan isku mid, maaddaama imtixaannada IQ ay qiimeeyaan noocyo badan oo sirdoon ah oo la isku daro. .

sirdoonka caalamka

Kaufman waxa uu intaa ku daray in "Sirdoonka caalamiga ahi uu yahay isku dhaf noocyo kala duwan oo sirdoon ah, kuwaas oo ay ugu badan yihiin sirdoon la habeeyey iyo sirdoon la isku daray oo la isku daray-ay la socdaan awoodaha loo yaqaan xusuusta shaqada iyo xawaaraha farsamaynta-si loo soo saaro IQ caalami ah ama dhamaystiran."

Waxa uu sharaxay in "caqlinimada dareeraha ah ama fikirka dabacsan ay ka tarjumayso awoodda lagu xalliyo mashaakil cusub, nooca aan lagu baran dugsiga, halka sirta la miiray ama aqoonta la miiray ay cabbiraan barashada iyo xallinta dhibaatooyinka la xiriira waxbarashada iyo dhaqanka."

Isbeddelka marka loo eego da'da

Kaufman wuxuu sii wadaa inuu sharaxo in noocyadan kala duwan ee sirdoonku ay muujinayaan qaabab kala duwan oo da'da ah, sirta la isku celceliyo, "celcelis ahaan 98 da'da 20-24, waxay u kacdaa 101 da'da 35-44, ka hor inta aysan u dhicin 100 (da'da 45-54) ., ka dib 98 (55-64), ka dibna 96 (65-69), ka dibna 93 da'da (70-74) iyo 88 (kuwa ka weyn da'da 75).

sirdoonka dareere

Sirdoonka dareeraha ayaa si degdeg ah hoos ugu dhacaya, iyadoo Kaufman uu shaaca ka qaaday inay "ugu sarreyso da'da 20-24 (dhibcaha 100), oo si tartiib tartiib ah hoos ugu dhaco 99 (25-34) iyo 96 (35-44) sano ka hor inta uusan bilaabin inuu si xooggan hoos ugu dhaco 91 bilawga. Laga bilaabo da'da (45-54), ka dibna ilaa 86 da'da (55-64), 83 (65-69 sano), 79 da'da (70-74), iyo ugu dambeyntii ilaa 72 (kuwa ka weyn da'da 75).

bartamihii labaatanaadkii

"Waqtiga jawaabta ugu dhakhsaha badan ee aad hesho waa bartamihii labaatanaadyadaada, laakiin (ilaa inta aanad qabin waallida), erayadaadu way kordhi doonaan noloshaada oo dhan," ayuu yidhi Professor Thomas. Dhammaadkii XNUMXaadkii, xirfadaha garashada badankoodu waxay ku salaysan yihiin waxa loo yaqaan "aqoonta crystal", kaas oo la kordhiyey ama aad u dabacsan. Laakiin xawliga uu wax ku qaban karo wuu yaraan karaa.”

Intaa waxaa dheer, gunaanadku waa in IQ-ga shakhsi ahaaneed ee qofku aanu isbeddelin da'diisa, laakiin celceliska awoodda iyo kartida qaarkood ayaa hoos u dhacaya da'da marka loo eego hababka hadda jira ee cabbirka iyo qiimeynta.