Leishmaniasis .. Iimpawu, izizathu kunye neendlela zonyango

ILeishmaniasis lusulelo olubangelwa sisifunxi-gazi esidluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa yimpukane yebhinqa ekuthiwa yiFilippoetini Iimpawu zeLeishmaniasis zisuka kwizilonda eziphola ngokwazo, ukuya kutsho kwisifo esibulalayo. umngeni Ngokukodwa kwiintlobo ezinzima zesi sifo, iye yaba izigulane ezimbini I-Leishmaniasis inzima ngakumbi; Ngenxa yokuvela kokunganyangeki kweziyobisi kwezinye iintlobo ze-leishmaniasis, ngaphandle kwe-Australia, iZiqithi zePasifiki kunye ne-Antarctica, ii-parasites ziye zachongwa kwiindawo ezinkulu zehlabathi, ngokukodwa kumazwe ashushu kunye nemozulu epholileyo, kunye nakwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo imfazwe okanye indlala,

Iintlobo kunye nezizathu ze-leishmaniasis

 Kukho iindidi ezininzi ze<em>leishmaniasis, kodwa into eyaziwayo kukuba i<em>leishmaniasis iza ngeendlela ezintathu: i<em>leishmaniasis eyenzeka ngesikhumba, i<em>visceral leishmaniasis ne<em>mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. , unyango alunakusoloko luyimfuneko ngokuxhomekeke kwisigulane, kodwa oku kunokukhawuleza ukubuyiswa kwesi sifo kunye nokukhusela iingxaki. I-mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: Kuthathwa njengento enqabileyo yesifo, kunye ne-mucocutaneous leishmaniasis eyenzekayo; Ngenxa ye-cutaneous leishmaniasis parasite, i-mucocutaneous leishmaniasis idla ngokuvela kwiinyanga eziliqela emva kokuba izilonda zolusu ziphole. ifuna unyango.

Izifo ezingamashumi amabini ziphathwa ngeziqhamo zekhrimu

I-Visceral leishmaniasis: I-Visceral leishmaniasis maxa wambi yaziwa ngokuba yi-systemic leishmaniasis, kwaye idla ngokuhlasela abantu kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezisibhozo emva kokulunywa yi-sandfly.

Iimpawu ze-leishmaniasis

Iimpawu ze-leishmaniasis Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-leishmaniasis luneempawu zalo, kwaye zonke iintlobo zinokuba nenani leempawu, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu baphathe ezinye iintlobo ze-leishmaniasis ixesha elide ngaphandle kokufumana isifo, kodwa ukuba isifo senzeka, kukho. Ziimpawu ezicacileyo zohlobo ngalunye ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:[XNUMX] Iimpawu zecutaneous leishmaniasis: Olona hlobo lwesi sifo sisilonda solusu esingenabuhlungu.Impawu zolusu zinokubonakala kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokulunywa yintlabathi eyosulelekileyo, kodwa maxa wambi iimpawu aziyi kubonakala. iinyanga okanye iminyaka. Iimpawu ze-mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: Iimpawu ze-mucocutaneous leishmaniasis zidla ngokuvela kunyaka omnye ukuya kwemihlanu emva kokosulelwa yi-cutaneous leishmaniasis, kwaye ezi zizilonda ezikuhlobo oluphambili emlonyeni, empumlweni, okanye emilebeni, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi ziquka: i-gonorrhea, ukuvaleka okanye ukopha, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Iimpawu ze-visceral leishmaniasis: Iimpawu zolu hlobo zidla ngokungabonakali de kube ziinyanga emva kokulunywa, kwaye iimeko ezininzi zivela kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu emva kosulelo, kwaye ezi mpawu zilandelayo kunye neempawu ziquka: ukwehla kobunzima, ubuthathaka jikelele, umkhuhlane othatha iiveki. okanye iinyanga, kunye ne-spleen eyandisiweyo kunye ne-lymph nodes yesibindi, kunye nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi.

Iimbangela ze-leishmaniasis

Oonobangela beLeishmaniasis ILeishmaniasis ibangelwa zizifunxi-gazi zosapho lweprotozoan ekuthiwa yiLeishmania.Umntu ufumana leishmaniasis ngokulunywa yimbakane eyosulelekileyo. Kushushu kwaye ebusuku ukusuka ngorhatya ukuya kuthi qheke ukusa, kwaye izilwanyana ezinjengezinja zithathwa njengee-incubators zesifunxi-gazi, kwaye usulelo lungenzeka ukusuka kwisilwanyana ukuya kwimpukane yesanti emva koko luye ebantwini, kwaye abantu banokusasaza i-parasite phakathi komnye nomnye. ngotofelo-gazi okanye iinaliti ekwabelwana ngazo, kwanangokusuka kumama owasulelekileyo ukuya kwimveku engekazalwa Ngenkaba, nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, ukwasulelwa kosulelo kunokudluliselwa ukusuka emntwini ukuya kwimpukane emva koko kuye komnye umntu.[XNUMX] Ukuxilongwa I-leishmaniasis Ukuxilongwa kwe-leishmaniasis kuxhomekeke kwindawo yomntu ochaphazelekayo, ukwazi iindawo ahlala kuzo okanye ukutyelela kunokunceda ekuchongeni ukuxilongwa kwe-leishmaniasis, nakwiindawo ezishushu kunye neendawo ezifudumeleyo, apho ithuba lokusuleleka liphezulu, ngenxa yokusasazeka kwesifo se-leishmaniasis. Iimpukane zesanti ezosulelekileyo, kwaye ukuba i-leishmaniasis ifunyenwe isigulana ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu kunye neempawu, iyasetyenziswa Olunye uvavanyo lokufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-leishmaniasis engunobangela.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-leishmaniasis yesikhumba:

Kwaye oko ngokuthatha isixa esincinci solusu; Ukwenza i-biopsy ngokususa isilonda esincinci, ilabhoratri iya kuhlala ijonga i-DNA ye-parasite, okanye imathiriyeli yemfuza, isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuchonga iintlobo zezifunxi-gazi ezibangela usulelo. Ukuxilonga i-visceral leishmaniasis: Ngokufuthi, abantu abakhumbuli belunywa yimpukane yesanti, yaye oku kunokwenza ukuxilongwa kube nzima. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kuluncedo ukwazi imbali yakho yokuhlala okanye ukuya kwindawo apho i-leishmaniasis ixhaphake khona Ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo lomzimba kuqala. Ukukhangela i-spleen okanye isibindi esandisiweyo, i-biopsy yomongo okanye isampuli yegazi inokuthatyathwa ukuze ihlolwe.Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo olulodwa zinceda ekuxilongweni, kunye namabala akhethekileyo ekhemikhali kumongo wethambo anokunceda ukuchonga iiseli zokuzivikela ezichaphazelekayo. .

Indlela yokuthintela i-leishmaniasis?

Uthintelo lwe-leishmaniasis luxhomekeke ekuphepheni ukulunywa yisanti, ukuthatha amanyathelo alula okuzikhusela kwizinambuzane ezinokuba yingozi kwaye zisasaze izifo, kwaye la manyathelo okhuseleko abandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwempahla yokuzikhusela, efana: iimpahla ezinemikhono emide, ibhulukhwe emide kunye neekawusi, ngokunjalo. njengokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezigxotha izinambuzane eziqulethe (N, N-diethylmetatoluamide), ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa umngcipheko wokulunywa, kwaye ekubeni iimpukane ezimanzi zisebenza ngakumbi ngokuhlwa nasebusuku, kufuneka kwenziwe umgudu wokulala ngesigqubuthelo esijikeleze umntu, iimpukane zesanti. zincinci kakhulu kwaye zincinci kuneengcongconi, kwaye ihlabathi lanamhlanje liye lasebenzisa iingcongconi kwaye lizigonye nge-insecticide, njengePermethrin (Emelite, i-NIX) okanye i-deltamethrin, iimpukane zesanti zisengozini yezinambuzane, ngoko iimpahla zinokuphathwa nge-permethrin ukubulala izinambuzane. Ngokwembono enkulu, ukunyanga izilwanyana kunye nabantu abosulelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezibulali-zinambuzane, kunako ukunciphisa amathuba okusuleleka kwiindawo ze-Endemic, le ndlela iyazanywa kwiindawo ezininzi ngempumelelo eyahlukahlukeneyo, kwaye okwangoku akukho mvume evunyiweyo. isitofu sokugonya sokusetyenziswa kwabantu, kodwa uphando luyaqhuba kulo mmandla.[XNUMX] Ngaba i-leishmaniasis iyosulela? ILeishmaniasis ibangelwa zizifunxi-gazi zohlobo lweLeishmaniasis, ezizizidalwa ezincinane kakhulu, yaye kukho iindidi ezininzi zeLeishmaniasis ezisulela abantu. ukosulela ezinye iiseli kunye nezicubu, kunye neempukane zesanti ezingosulelwanga zifumana i-parasite ngokutyisa abantu abosulelekileyo okanye izilwanyana ezosulelekileyo, ezinje: izinja, iimpungutye, okanye iimpuku, kwaye ithathwa njengesifo iLeishmaniasis sisifo esingasuleliyo ngokuphefumla okanye ngokuchukumisa, kodwa isenokosulela ngegazi.” Izifunxi-gazi zinokudluliselwa ngotofelo-gazi, okanye ngokusebenzisa iziyobisi xa sabelane ngeenaliti ezinosuleleko, kwaye i<em>leishmaniasis inokwasulelwa ukusuka kumama okhulelweyo ukuya kwimveku engekazalwa.