Indlela elungileyo yokwandisa ubukrelekrele bezemfundo

Indlela elungileyo yokwandisa ubukrelekrele bezemfundo

Iingcamango ezingezizo kunye neengcamango eziphosakeleyo zasasazeka phakathi kwabafundi phakathi kwento yokuba akukho mfuneko yokuba bathathe amanqaku ngelixa befumana iintetho ngenxa yokuba zonke zisencwadini, okanye ukuba iklasi okanye umbhalo unokutsitywa kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ukurekhoda ukubukela kamva, okanye ukuba umfundi akanyanzelekanga ukuba afunde isilabhasi, kuba Iya kuphononongwa ekupheleni kwesiqingatha sonyaka kwaye okokugqibela kodwa kungekuko kuyenzeka ukulungiselela uviwo ngosuku olungaphambili.

Ngokutsho kwePsychology Today, zonke ezi ngcamango zenza ukufunda kube nzima okanye kukhokelela ekusileleni ukufumana amanqaku afanelekileyo kwindawo yokuqala, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukufunda kakubi ixesha elide.

Uphando lwezenzululwazi kwiinkalo zokuqonda, i-neuroscience, ukufundisa nokufunda kunika iingcebiso ezisisiseko malunga nokuba yeyiphi indlela yokuziphatha abafundi abafanele bayenze kwaye kutheni, kuba kukho imida kwiinkqubo zengqondo kunye nememori, ekufuneka incediswe ngezicwangciso ezifaka isandla ekufezekiseni iziphumo zokufunda ezingcono kakhulu. kwixesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide.

inkumbulo yexesha elide

Ingqondo iqulethe malunga ne-128 yeebhiliyoni zee-neurons ezisetyenziswa ngabantu kunye kwinkqubo yokufunda. Ukufunda, ukuguqulwa kwexesha elide kulwazi, kufuna ukuqaliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwi-LTM, enomthamo omkhulu kwaye inokugcina izinto eziphathekayo ixesha elide, kuxhomekeke kwindlela efundwa ngayo kakuhle. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ulwazi lungene kwi-LTM, luhlala kwimemori yokusebenza ye-WM, enomthamo omncinci kakhulu kunye nexesha elifutshane lokugcina.

Uphando lwamva nje lubonisa ukuba inkumbulo yokusebenza ye-WM inokukhumbula kuphela iziqwenga ezine zolwazi kwaye ixhomekeke kwizakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuba yihippocampus ebuchotsheni. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinto eyenziwa ngumfundi, ihippocampus inceda ukugcina iinkumbulo kwi-LTM, enemigangatho emihlanu ukuya kwemithandathu ye-neurons egquma indawo enkulu yobuchopho njenge-spongy endothelium. Into umntu afuna ukuyifunda igcinwe kule cortex yecerebral. Kodwa ezinye izenzo ezilula kufuneka zenziwe ukuze kudluliselwe ulwazi kwimemori yokusebenza ukuya kwimemori yexesha elide.

1. Ingqalelo kunye nokugxila

Ingqalelo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufunda. Ngenxa yomthamo ophantsi wememori yokusebenza, ingqwalasela encinci umntu ayihlawulayo kwigumbi lokufundela, izinto ezingenakwenzeka kukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-WM ukuya kwi-LTM. Ubukhulu be-WM bukwahluka ukusuka kumntu nomntu, nto leyo ecacisa ukuba kutheni abanye abafundi bekwazi ukumamela umculo ngelixa befunda ngelixa abanye bengakwazi. Iziphazamiso ezinjengomculo kunye neemuvi, okanye nabantu abathetha kufutshane nathi, banciphisa umthamo we-WM.

2. Thatha amanqaku

Inkqubo yokubhala amanqaku yenza umphulaphuli asebenze ngenkuthalo nombandela omele ufundwe. Ukucinga ukuba umhlohli okanye utitshala akathethi ngokukhawuleza kwaye unika ixesha lokucingisisa, ukuthatha amanqaku afanelekileyo sisicwangciso esibalulekileyo sokufundisa. Amanqaku anceda ukulungelelanisa umbandela, anike ingxelo yoko kufuneka kufundwe, kwaye inkumbulo yokusebenza inceda ukomeleza oko kufuneka kufundwe. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukujonga amanqaku ngosuku olufanayo abashukunyiswa ukuxhasa ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezivela kwimemori yokusebenza ukuya kwimemori yexesha elide.

3. Ziqhelanise nokukhumbula nokubuyisela ulwazi

Mhlawumbi eyona ndlela ingcono yokufunda kukufunda kwakhona okulandelelanayo. Amacandelo aphambili ale ndlela abandakanya ukuzivavanya oko kufundwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nenani lamaxesha ovavanyo ahlukanisiweyo. Ukubona nje ukuba intwana yolwazi inokukhunjulwa ibangela ukuba ii-neuron ezimele olo lwazi zenze unxibelelwano olunamandla nezinye ii-neuron. Okukhona uqhagamshelo lunamandla, inkumbulo yomelele, kwaye kulula ukuba ingqondo ilungelelanise ulwazi kwi-neocortex. Enye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokunceda ukudlulisa ulwazi kwengqondo ukusuka kwi-WM ukuya kwi-LTM kukuqhelisela ukufunyanwa kolwazi. Okukhona umfundi eziqeqesha ngakumbi, ingakumbi ngamaxesha athile nangaqhelekanga, kokukhona ekhumbula kakuhle umbandela yaye kokukhona efunda ngcono.

Ziphephe iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo

Abafundi abaninzi bacinga ukuba ukuphinda ukufunda amanqaku, ukubalaselisa kakhulu kubo, kunye nokwenza oonotsheluza ukucengceleza amagama angundoqo imikhwa elungileyo yokufunda, kodwa uphando lwezenzululwazi luthi ngenye indlela, njengoko ezi zicwangciso eneneni inzuzo encinane kakhulu. Iingcali zincoma ukuya kuzo zonke iiklasi, ezisasazwa kwiintsuku ezininzi ngeveki, kwaye ukugxila kunye nokuqwalaselwa, ukuthatha amanqaku amahle, ukuziqhelanisa neenkqubo zokukhumbula kunye nokubuyisela ulwazi ngengqondo yimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokuphumeza impumelelo kunye nokuzuza kwizinto eziye zafundwa kwixesha elide. ixesha.