I-Chernobyl .. intlekele eyenziwe ngumntu, iphinda iphindwe namhlanje

Enye yeentlekele ezimbi kakhulu ezenziwe ngabantu kwimbali yayo, ukuqhuma kwesikhululo samandla enyukliya saseChernobyl emantla eUkraine, okwaguqula i-Pripyat eyayisakuba yidolophu yemimoya kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi "ghost town".

Iziko laseChernobyl, elathiywa ngoVladimir Lenin ngexesha leSoviet, liziko lokuqala lamandla enyukliya elakhe lakhiwa kumhlaba waseUkraine.

Ukwakhiwa kwalo mzi-mveliso kwaqalisa ngowe-1970, yaye kwiminyaka esixhenxe kamva kwaqalisa ukusebenza, yaye ngowe-1983 oomatshini abane balo mzi-mveliso babevelisa malunga ne-10 ekhulwini lombane waseUkraine.

Ngelixa umzi-mveliso wawusakhiwa, ngaphambi kwentlekele, idolophu yokuqala yabasebenzi beathom kunye neentsapho zabo yakhiwa ngurhulumente waseSoviet, iPripyat, eyasekwa ngoFebruwari 4, 1970 njengesixeko esivaliweyo senyukliya, yayiyeyesithoba eSoviet Union.

Abemi besixeko ngomhla wentlekele ngo-Ephreli 26, 1986 babemalunga nama-50 amawaka abantu, ziingcali, abasebenzi kunye neentsapho zabo ezisebenza kwisityalo senyukliya, kwaye namhlanje iPripyat ibonisa umfanekiso wenkohlakalo yexesha lenyukliya.

Ngobusuku bangoAprili 25, 1986, iqela leenjineli kumzi-mveliso, elikwinombolo yesine, laqalisa ukulinga izixhobo nezixhobo ezitsha, yaye akukho mntu wayelindele ukuba obu busuku abuyi kudlula ngoxolo.

Iinjineli kwakufuneka zinciphise amandla esixhobo senyukliya, ukuze wenziwe umsebenzi wazo, kodwa ngenxa yokubalwa ngendlela engafanelekanga, imveliso yathotywa yaya kutsho kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo, nto leyo ebangele ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kwereactor.

Isigqibo senziwe ngokukhawuleza ukunyusa umgangatho wamandla, ngoko i-reactor yaqala ukutshisa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye emva kwemizuzwana embalwa kwakukho ukuqhuma okukhulu.

Olu gqabhuko-dubulo lwawutshabalalisa kancinane umbindi we-reactor, nto leyo eyabangela umlilo othabathe iintsuku ezilithoba.

Oku kukhokelele ekukhululweni kweegesi zeradioactive kunye nothuli lwenyukliya, emoyeni ngaphezu kwereactor, eyathi yenza ilifu elikhulu esibhakabhakeni eladubula lisiya eYurophu.

Umthamo wemitha yeathom eninzi eyakhutshwayo, emalunga neetoni ezili-150, wenyukela emoyeni, ebeka abantu esichengeni kwimitha yemitha izihlandlo ezingama-90 ngaphezu koko kwenzekayo kwibhombu yeathom yaseHiroshima eJapan.

Ngomhla we-26 ka-Epreli yayikhohlakele kwaye iyingozi, kwaye ngomhla we-27 yaqala iinkqubo zokufuduka kwabantu, eziye zahlala iiyure ezintathu, apho abantu be-45 batshintshelwe kwiindawo ezikufutshane, kude nefuthe elithe ngqo, kwaye abantu abayi-116 banyanzeliswa. ukushiya indawo kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo.

Abantu abamalunga nama-600 XNUMX abaphuma kuzo zonke iiriphabliki ezazisakuba yiSoviet bancedisa ekufudukeni.

Ngokukhawuleza emva kwentlekele, abantu be-31 bafa, ngelixa i-radiation egxininiswe kakhulu eyingozi yachaphazela abantu abamalunga ne-600, kwaye i-dose ephezulu ye-radiation yafumana malunga newaka labasebenzi bexakeka ngosuku lokuqala lwentlekele.

Lilonke, malunga ne-8.4 yezigidi zabemi baseBelarus, eRashiya nase-Ukraine bavezwe kwimitha.

Ngokutsho kwe-Ukraine Chernobyl Federation, abantu abamalunga ne-9000 babulawa ngenxa yezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nomhlaza, ngelixa abantu abangama-55 bakhubazekile ngenxa yale ntlekele.

Kungekudala emva kogqabhuko-dubulo, kwabakho indawo engabandakanyiyo enobubanzi obuziikhilomitha ezingama-30 (i-17 mi), yaye ngokukhawuleza emva kwaloo ntlekele, abasebenzi bakha ikhaka lexeshana phezu kwesixhobo sombane esitshabalalisayo, esasibizwa ngokuba yiTyeya.

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le sarcophagus iyancipha, kwaye ngo-2010 kwaqala ukwakhiwa umqobo omtsha, ukukhusela ukuvuza okungakumbi kwi-reactor engasebenziyo.

Kodwa kutsha nje umsebenzi kwikhaka unqunyanyisiwe phakathi kwengxaki yaseUkraine.

NgoJulayi 7, 1987, abathandathu ababesakuba ngamagosa omzi-mveliso wamandla enyukliya eChernobyl namagcisa abekwa ityala lokungakhathali nokwaphula imithetho yokhuseleko.

Abathathu kubo: UViktor Bruyehov - owayengumlawuli wezityalo zaseChernobyl, u-Nikolai Fomin - owayesakuba yinjineli eyintloko kunye no-Anatoly Dyatlov - owayesakuba ngusekela-njineli oyintloko, bagwetywa iminyaka eyi-10 entolongweni.

Isixhobo sokugqibela eChernobyl savalwa ngokusisigxina ngumyalelo worhulumente waseUkraine ngowama-2000.

Umatshini wombane owonakeleyo kulindeleke ukuba upheliswe ngokupheleleyo ngowama-2065.

NgoDisemba 2003 iNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yabhengeza i-26 ka-Aprili njengoSuku lweZizwe ngezizwe lokukhunjulwa kwamaxhoba eeNgozi zeRadiological and Disasters.