Ibali ledayimani yaseKoh Noor, eyona dayimani idume kakubi kwimbali

UKumkanikazi uElizabeth II wasweleka, kodwa amabali akaphelanga kuye okwangoku, emva kohambo olude lwemfazwe phakathi kweIndiya neBritane eyathatha iminyaka eli-172, incopho yayo yayimalunga neminyaka engama-70 eyadlulayo, Ndanxiba Isithsaba sikaKumkanikazi uElizabeth kunye nenkangeleko yedayimane "iKoh Noor" ehombise umphezulu wesithsaba sasebukhosini, ihlaziywe kutshanje xa uKumkani uCharles III wathatha ulawulo lwase-United Kingdom, engena ezihlangwini zikanina ongasekhoyo, ukuze abe ngomnye wezona zidumileyo zisikiwe. iidayimani kwimbali yanamhlanje.

Ibali ledayimane "iKoh Noor", apho iIndiya isanda kunikezela eBritani, ukuvala umkhusane kulo mbandela oye wanda iminyaka, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba kwezinye iiakhawunti "Kohnur" okanye "Kohi Noor" okanye "iNtaba yokukhanya. ", isukela emva kunyaka we-1850, xa yayiyenye yobunye ubuncwane obuvela eLahore kwi-Great Britain phakathi kwezipho ezinikezelwe kuKumkanikazi uVictoria, ngoko ukumkanikazi wafunda ukuba igama elibi elifakwe kumatye anqabileyo lazisa ilishwa kubo bonke. abanini bazo, njengoko intsomi yamandulo isithi “lowo unazo ezi dayimani uya kuba yinkosi yehlabathi lonke.” Kodwa ukwazazi zonke iingxaki zakhe.

IIndiya yakhankanywa kwezinye iimibhalo zakudala zesiSanskrit kwiminyaka engamawaka angama-4 ukuya kwengama-5 eyadlulayo, kwaye yayibizwa ngokuba yi "Samantika Mani", okuthetha ukuthi yikumkanikazi yedayimane, kwaye yayikuthixo wamaHindu uKrishna, ngokweentsomi, kunye nezinye zakudala. Imibhalo yamaHindu ithi ngedayimani: “Lowo ungumnini wedayimani ngumnini wehlabathi.” Kodwa ubandezeleka onke amashwa asehlabathini noThixo kuphela, okanye ngumfazi kuphela...

Ngomnyaka we-1739, idayimani ethi "Koh Noor" yaba lilifa likaKumkani wasePersi uNader Shah, owayibiza ngeli gama, elithetha "iNtaba yokuKhanya" ngesiPersi, kwaye ngo-1747 uKumkani uNader Shah wabulawa kwaye ubukhosi bakhe bahlukana. Emva kokufa kwakhe enye yeenjengele zakhe zabamba idayimani, ebizwa ngokuba nguGeneral Ahmad Shah Durrani, owanikezela ngedayimani kuKumkani uSikh uRanjit Singh, uKumkani wasePunjab kunye nenkokeli yoBukhosi bamaSikh obulawula umntla-ntshona welizwekazi laseIndiya kwisiqingatha sokuqala selizwe. Inkulungwane ye-XNUMX.

Isithsaba sikaKumkanikazi uCamilla asinaxabiso kwaye le yimbali yaso

Kamva yafunyanwa njengelifa nguMaharaja Dulip Singh owayeneminyaka eyi-5 kuphela ubudala, umlawuli wokugqibela wePunjab kunye neSikh Empire.

Iminyaka yadlula emva kwenye, kwaye ekufikeni kwabo ngo-1849, imikhosi yaseBritane yahlasela iPunjab kwaye yagqiba isivumelwano esichaza kwelinye lamagatya ayo ukuhanjiswa kwedayimani "Koh Noor" kuKumkanikazi waseNgilani, apho iNkosi uDalhousie yalungiselela umsitho ngo-1851. ukunikezela idayimani kuKumkanikazi uVictoria, kwaye unikezelo lwedayimani enkulu lwalukuMbhiyozo eHyde Park kwikomkhulu, eLondon, kwaye ukusukela ngoko idayimani ayizange iphume eBritani.

Emva kokumka kukaKumkanikazi uVictoria, ubunini bedayimani badlulela kuKumkanikazi u-Alexandra ngo-1902, emva koko kuKumkanikazi uMariya ngo-1911, emva koko uKumkanikazi uElizabeth Bowes-Lyon ngo-1937, kwaye idayimani yaba yinxalenye yesithsaba saseBritane sikaKumkanikazi uElizabeth II ngexesha lokuthweswa kwakhe isithsaba. umsitho ngowe-1953.

Ukususela ngelo xesha, idayimani "iKoh Noor" yadlula kwiintsapho ezininzi zasebukhosini kunye nobuncwane obuhlukeneyo ngaphambi kokuba ekugqibeleni ihlale ezandleni zamaBritane ngexesha lobukoloniyali, kwaye idayimani yaba yingxabano yembali malunga nobunini bayo ubuncinane ngamazwe angama-4, kuquka neIndiya, De i-India yalivuma ibango layo ngo-Epreli ka-2016.

Ngokubhekiselele kwiwebhusayithi yemagazini "Forbes", kwakhankanywa ukuba sinokulanda imbali yedayimani, enobunzima be-186 carats, ukususela ngonyaka we-1300, njengoko ilitye ledayimane "i-Koh Noor" yayingumhombiso we-turban "Raja" ubukhosi belizwe laseMalwa kumantla eIndiya, kwaye kamva badlulela kubazukulwana bakaKumkani "iTamerlin" Xa amandla amakhulu kaMughal asasazeka kulo lonke elaseIndiya, ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, ilitye laba ngumhombiso womlawuli wegolide "Peacock Throne" UShah Jahan odume ngokwakha iTaj Mahal.

Kodwa kungekudala omnye woonyana bakhe waphambana bubuhle belitye, wenza uqhushululu wabulala abantakwabo, wavalela uyise entolongweni kuba wayekholelwa ukuba "uKoh Noor" wayeza kuzisa amandla amakhulu kumnini wakhe, sele ekwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo. , i-Persian Shah yambamba "uJabal Al-Noor" ngokukhohlisa, Kodwa akunzima ukuqikelela ukuba idayimane ayizange imzisele ulonwabo.

Emva koko, ilitye eliqalekisiweyo lashukuma ukusuka kumnini ukuya kumnini, ebhadula empuma kwaye lizisa ukubandezeleka nokufa kwabaninzi ababeyithwele, umnini wokugqibela eIndiya wayenguPunjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh, umlawuli osisilumko wayesazi ukuba yintoni ilitye eloyikekayo eliqalekisiweyo. "U-Kohinoor" wenza kwaye wagqiba ekubeni ahlukane nayo nangayiphi na indlela, Kodwa akazange akwazi ukwenza nto, kuba wafa ngequbuliso ngenxa yesifo esibi.

Ngapha koko, kwilizwe elalisele lichumile elimanyeneyo lamaSikh, ixesha lesiphithiphithi esinegazi laqala, emva komlawuli osisilumko, kwaye emva kokuwa kokugqibela kobukumkani, uKoh Nur usandula ukudlulela kwiBritane ngo-1852, kwagqitywa ekubeni kugawulwe ilitye elityheli. a more Yayiyinto entsha, kwaye yayichazwa njengedayimani esulungekileyo enobunzima obuyi-105.6 carats, kwaye ngo-1902 yayisele ifakwe kwizithsaba zookumkanikazi etroneni.