Iiseli ezifihlakeleyo zokuzikhusela zivela esibelekweni

Iiseli ezifihlakeleyo zokuzikhusela zivela esibelekweni

Ukusebenza ukwenza imephu yonke iseli emzimbeni womntu, iqela lezenzululwazi lamazwe ngamazwe lifumene uhlobo lweseli yokuzivikela ebonakala kuqala kwisibeleko, kwaye ubukho bayo ebantwini buye baxoxisana ngokushushu kude kube ngoku, i-Live Science ibika, ichaza iSayensi.

Iiseli ezingaqondakaliyo, ezaziwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-B-1, zaqala ukufunyanwa kwiimpuku kwi-2018s, ngokutsho kophononongo lwezenzululwazi lwe-1 olupapashwe kwiJenali ye-Immunology. Iiseli ze-B-1 zivela kwangethuba kuphuhliso lwempuku, esibelekweni, kwaye zivelise izilwa-buhlungu ezahlukeneyo xa zicushiwe. Ezinye zezi zithinteli zincamathela kwiiseli zempuku kwaye zinceda ukususa iiseli ezifileyo nezifayo emzimbeni. Iiseli ze-B-XNUMX ezisebenzayo zenza izilwa-buhlungu ezisebenza njengomgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane, ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya.

Ukuqala kokuzivelela kwabantu

Emva kokuba iiseli ze-B-1 zifunyenwe kwiigundane, iqela lophando libike kwi-2011 ukuba lifumene iiseli ezilinganayo kubantu, kodwa ezi ziphumo azizange zamkelwe njengobungqina obucacileyo.

UThomas Rothstein, unjingalwazi kunye nosihlalo weSebe lezoPhando kunye nomlawuli weZiko le-Immunobiology kwi-Western Michigan Medical School uHomer Stryker, owayengumphandi wokuqala kwisifundo sangaphambili, uthe kukho ubungqina obuqinileyo bokuba iiseli ze-B-1 zivela Ukukhula koluntu, ngexesha lekota yokuqala neyesibini yokukhulelwa.

URothstein, owayengabandakanyekanga kuphando olutsha, wongezelela ukuba iziphumo zophando lwamva nje "ziqinisekisa kwaye zandise umsebenzi opapashwe ngaphambili (uphando)."

uphuhliso lwamajoni omzimba

UGqr Nicole Baumgarth, unjingalwazi kwi-UC Davis Centre for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, naye akazange athathe inxaxheba kwisifundo esitsha, uthe ukholelwa ukuba idatha yesifundo esitsha kunye neziphumo "zezona ziqinisekileyo" kwaye zixhasa ingcamango yokuba abantu. thwala iiseli ze-B-1, zongeza Ukuba kwithiyori, iiseli ze-B-1 zinokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni kwangethuba, kwaye ngokuzifunda ngakumbi, izazinzulu zinokuphucula ukuqonda kwazo malunga nokuba uphuhliso lwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela lubonakala njani.

Iatlasi yeeseli zomntu

Uphando olutsha lupapashwe kunye nezinye izifundo ezintathu, eziqhutywe yi-Human Cell Atlas Consortium (HCA), iqela lophando lwamazwe ngamazwe elisebenza ukuchonga indawo, umsebenzi kunye neempawu zohlobo ngalunye lweseli emzimbeni womntu. Ngokudibeneyo, ezi zifundo zine zibandakanya uhlalutyo lweeseli zabantu ezingaphezulu kwesigidi esinye, ezimele ngaphezu kwe-500 yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezivela ngaphezu kwe-30 yezicubu ezahlukeneyo.

Ngelixa umphandi okhokelayo kwisifundo esitsha, uNjingalwazi uSara Tishman, iNtloko yeSebe leCytogenetics kwi-Wellcome Sanger Institute eNgilani kunye nosihlalo-sihlalo weKomiti eQuquzelelayo ye-Atlas of Human Cells, wathi izifundo "ziimephu zeGoogle umzimba womntu, kuquka nokuboniswa ngokuchanekileyo” kweeseli nganye nendawo ezikuyo.

ukuphuhlisa izicubu

Unjingalwazi uTishman kunye noogxa basandul 'ukujolisa iinzame zabo kwiiseli zomzimba, kwaye ngokukodwa, iiseli zomzimba ezivela ngexesha lokuphuhliswa komntu. Uhlalutyo lubandakanya iiseli ezivela kwizicubu ezisithoba ezikhulayo, ezifana ne-thymus, i-gland eyenza iiseli zokuzivikela kunye neehomoni, kunye ne-fetal yolk sac, isakhiwo esincinci esondla umntwana ongekazalwa ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. Zonke iisampulu zethishu ezihlalutywe liqela zivela kwi-Human Developmental Biology Resource, ibhanki ye-tissue yase-UK egcina izicubu zomntwana kunye ne-fetus, ngemvume ebhaliweyo evela kubaxhasi.

Ibhityile kuneenwele zomntu

Lilonke, idatha igubungele ixesha lokuqala lophuhliso ukusuka kwiiveki ezine ukuya kwi-17 emva kokuchumisa, ngexesha le-trimesters yokuqala neyesibini yokukhulelwa. UNjingalwazi uTishman uthe abaphandi bathatha i-high-resolution snapshots yesi sicatshulwa kwisikali se-0.001 intshi (50 microns), esincinci kuneenwele zomntu. Kwinqanaba leseli enye, iqela lihlalutye yonke 'imibhalo ye-RNA' kwithishu nganye, ebonisa iiproteni ezahlukeneyo ezenziwa yiseli nganye. Besebenzisa le mibhalo, abaphandi banokwenza intelekelelo malunga nokuba ngubani kunye nomsebenzi weseli nganye.

Ngolu hlalutyo olucacileyo, iqela lifumene iiseli ezihambelana nenkcazo yeeseli ze-B-1 ezifunyenwe kwiigundane, ngokweempawu zabo kunye nexesha lokubonakala.

Iiseli ze-B-2

"Kwinkqubo yegundane, iiseli ze-B-1 zibonakala kwangoko - zibonakala kuqala," kusho uDkt Rothstein. Uhlobo olwahlukileyo lweseli yomzimba yokuzikhusela, olubizwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuba yi-B-2, emva koko luvela emva kweeseli zokuqala ze-B-1 kwaye ekugqibeleni lube lolona hlobo luninzi lwe-B cell kwimpuku. Ngelixa uNjingalwazi uTishman wachaza ukuba iiseli zomzimba zinokunceda ukukrola izicubu ezitsha njengoko zisenza.

Ukucheba izicubu

UDkt Baumgarth wathi: "Xa ucinga malunga nokuphuhliswa komntwana, ngokubanzi, kukho ukulungiswa okukhulu kwezicubu eziqhubekayo rhoqo." Ngokomzekelo, abantu ekuqaleni baba nentambo phakathi kweenzwane zabo, kodwa iphinda iphele ngaphambi kokuba bazalwe. Uthe kunokwenzeka ukuba iiseli ze-B-1 zincede ukuqondisa ukucheba kwizicubu ngexesha lophuhliso, kodwa wathi yayiyintelekelelo kwicala lakhe.

Uqhubekile waqikelela ukuba ukongeza kwi-sculpting tissue, iiseli ze-B-1 zinokubonelela ngenqanaba elithile lokhuselo lomzimba kwi-pathogens encinci ngokwaneleyo ukuwela umqobo we-placental.