Ngoobani abona bahambi bama-Arabhu abadumileyo kwimbali yonke?

Ngoobani abona bahambi bama-Arabhu abadumileyo kwimbali yonke?Ama-Arabhu, awayedume ngoonothwal’ impahlana, yaye abanye babo babeziqhelisa ukukhenketha ukuze bafumanise ihlabathi lalo mhlaba, nto leyo eyayingaziwa ngaphambi kokufika kweesathelayithi nohambo lokuhlola.

Ngoobani abona bahambi bama-Arabhu abadumileyo kwimbali yonke?

Ibn battouta

U-Ibn Battuta mhlawumbi ngoyena mhambi udumileyo wama-Arabhu wakha waphila. UIbn Battuta waqalisa uhambo lwakhe oluninzi ngohambo lwakhe lokuya eMecca ngowe-1325, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engama-22 ubudala. Emva koko wajikeleza ihlabathi ngaphambi kokuba abuyele kwaye afe kwilizwe lakhe malunga ne-1368-69. U-Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta wazalelwa eTangiers, eMorocco ngo-1304, kwaye wayengumchwephesha wejografi, ijaji, i-botanist, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, wayengumhambi. Ngokucelwa nguSultan uAbu Enan Faris bin Ali, uIbn Battuta wayalela ukuba ahambe aye kunobhala wenkundla kaSultan ogama linguIbn al-Jawzi, yaye oku koko kwalondoloza uhambo lukaIbn Battuta ukutyhubela iminyaka. UIbn Battuta uye watyhubela amahla-ndinyuka ebudeni bohambo lwakhe, wasebenza njengomgwebi ngenye imini waza waba yimbacu kobulungisa ngenye imini, engenanto yakwenza nentshabalalo yehlabathi ngaphandle kwesambatho sakhe, yaye phezu kwawo nje la mahla-ndinyuka. akazange alahlekelwe luthando lwakhe lokuhamba kunye nokufumanisa. Akazange aphumle ekuthuleni xa iimeko zakhe zazizinzile kwaye akazange aphulukane nothando lwe-adventure xa ihlabathi liguqukela kuye.

Ibn Majid

UShihab al-Din Ahmad bin Majid al-Najdi wazalelwa kwintsapho yoomatiloshe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1430 kwisixeko esincinci ngoku esiyinxalenye ye-United Arab Emirates, nangona ngelo xesha yayiyeyase-Oman. Wafunda kwasebuntwaneni ubugcisa bokuhamba ngesikhephe ukongezelela ekufundeni iKur’an, yaye le mfundo kamva yabumba ubomi bakhe njengomatiloshe nombhali. U-Ibn Majid wayengumqhubi wenqanawa, umzobi, umkhenkethi, umbhali kunye nembongi. Wabhala iincwadi ezininzi ezithetha ngokuqhuba inqanawa, kunye nemibongo emininzi.UIbn Majid wayebizwa ngokuba yiNgonyama yoLwandle, ibe abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba nguye owanceda uVasco de Gama wafumana indlela esuka kunxweme oluseMpuma Afrika ukuya eIndiya. iKapa leThemba eliLungileyo, kunye nabanye bakholelwa ukuba unguSinbad wokwenene owakha Ngamabali kaSinbad iSailor. Enoba siyintoni na isibakala sokuba wayengumatiloshe wodumo, iincwadi zakhe zibubungqina bokwenene bokuhamba ngeenqanawa eziye zanegalelo ekuzotyweni kweemephu ezininzi. Umhla wokufa kuka-Ibn Majid awuqinisekanga, nangona mhlawumbi kwakungowe-1500, njengoko lo yayingumhla wemibongo yakhe yokugqibela, emva koko akuzange kubhalwe nto.

Ibn Hawqal

  UMuhammad Abu al-Qasim Ibn Hawqal wazalelwa waze wakhulela e-Iraq. Ukususela ebuntwaneni bakhe, wayenomdla wokufunda malunga nohambo kunye nohambo, kunye nokufunda malunga nendlela izizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izizwe zehlabathi eziphila ngayo. Ngoko ke, wathi akukhula, wagqiba kwelokuba achithe ubomi bakhe ekhenketha nokufunda okungakumbi ngabanye abantu, waza watyelela okokuqala ngowe-1943, waza watyelela amazwe amaninzi, de maxa wambi kwakufuneka ahambe ngeenyawo. Amazwe awawatyelelayo aquka uMntla Afrika, iYiputa, iSyria, iArmenia, iAzerbaijan, iKazakhstan, iIran, ekugqibeleni iSicily, apho iindaba zakhe ziye zacinywa.UIbn Hawqal waqokelela uhambo lwakhe kwincwadi yakhe edumileyo ethi, The Paths and Kingdoms, nangona uIbn Hawqal wakhankanyayo. Inkcazo eneenkcukacha zawo onke amazwe awawatyelelayo, abanye ababhali abayithathi nzulu loo nkcazo kuba wayethanda Wakhankanya amabali awayedibana nawo kunye namabali ahlekisayo nahlekisayo. indawo, oku akuchasi ukuba wayekho kwaye usengomnye wabahambi abadumileyo baseArabhu.

Ibn Jubayr

U-Ibn Jubayr wayengumbhali wejografi, umhambi kunye nembongi yaseAndalusia, apho wazalelwa khona eValencia. Uhambo luka-Ibn Jubayr luchaza uhambo ngezonqulo awalwenzayo ukusuka kwi-1183 ukuya kwi-1185 xa wayesuka eGranada esiya eMecca, edlula kumazwe amaninzi emva naphambili. U-Ibn Jubayr ukhankanya inkcazo eneenkcukacha zawo onke amazwe awadlula kuwo.Ukubaluleka kwamabali ka-Ibn Jubayr kukwabangelwa kukuba uchaza imeko yezixeko ezininzi ezazifudula ziyinxalenye ye-Andalusia ngaphambi kokuba zibuyele kulawulo lookumkani abangamaKrestu. ngelo xesha. Kwakhona ichaza iimeko zaseYiputa phantsi kolawulo lukaSalah al-Din al-Ayyubi Mhlawumbi u-Ibn Jubayr akazange ahambe ngenani elikhulu leehambo njengabahambi abathile baseArabhu, kodwa uhambo lwakhe lubaluleke kakhulu kwaye longeza kakhulu kwimbali.