What is the difference between corona vaccines and the mechanism of action for each of them?

What is the difference between corona vaccines and the mechanism of action for each of them?

1- Russian Aesthetic Institute Vaccine

The vaccine is called “Sputnik V”, and it was developed by the Aesthetic Institute in Moscow. The Russian vaccine is based on adenovirus vectors, and human adenoviruses are among the easiest and simplest for the modification process, and therefore their spread as vectors has expanded.

“Vectors” are carriers that can deliver genetic material from another virus into a cell. The genetic material of the adenovirus that causes infection is removed, while a gene carrying a code that “codes” for a protein from another virus, and in the current case of the emerging corona virus, whose scientific name is “SARS Cove 2” — is entered.

This new added ingredient helps the immune system respond and produce antibodies that protect it from infection.

2- AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine

This vaccine was developed by the British laboratory AstraZeneca and Oxford University “AstraZeneca-Oxford”, and the technology it uses is “viral vector”, in which another less virulent virus is used, which is converted to be added to a part of the Corona virus, and it is inserted The modified virus was transferred to the individuals' cells, which in turn produced a protein typical of "SARS-CoV-2", which would prompt their immune systems to identify it.

The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine uses adenoviruses as the viral vector, in a technology similar to the Russian vaccine.

3- Pfizer-Biontech Vaccine

Developed by the American company Pfizer and its German partner BioNTech, it works on messenger RNA technology, or mRNA, a molecule that tells our cells what to make.

This vaccine is injected into the body, and it introduces this molecule that controls a mechanism for the manufacture of a specific antigen to the Corona virus “spike”, which is a very special tip located on its surface and allows it to stick to human cells for penetration. This spike will then be detected by the immune system, which will produce the antibodies, and these antibodies will remain for a certain period of time.

4- Moderna Vaccine

This vaccine was developed by the American company Moderna, and Moderna's vaccine uses the same "messenger RNA" technology as the Pfizer-Biontech vaccine.

5- Novavax Company Vaccine

The vaccine was developed by the US company Novavax. It is based on inserting a modified gene into a virus called a bacterial virus (baculovirus), and they allowed it to infect insect cells, and then the spike proteins were collected from these cells into nanoparticles, which while they look like the Corona virus, but they cannot reproduce. or causing COVID-19.

These nanoparticles are injected into the body by the vaccine, where they trigger the formation of the immune system in response to the antibody. And if the body encounters the Corona virus in the future, the immune system will be able to repel it.

6- Johnson & Johnson Vaccine

The vaccine, developed by the American company "The Johnson & Johnson", is based on a modified adenovirus - a common virus that causes cold-like symptoms - that is designed to transfer parts of the genetic material from the "spike" protein present. in the Corona virus.

7- Sinopharma Company Vaccine

Developed by the Chinese company, Sinopharm, and relies on an inactivated “inert” virus, the Sinopharm company developed it in cooperation with the Wuhan Institute of Virology and the Institute of Biological Products, according to a report in Deutsche Welle.

In the inactivated vaccine technology, infectious agents from the emerging corona virus are treated - chemically or through heat - to lose their danger, but while preserving their ability to produce an immune response, and this is the most traditional form of vaccination.

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