Menene mahimmancin shekarar tsalle a cikin kalanda?

Menene mahimmancin shekarar tsalle a cikin kalanda?

Ranar 29 ga Fabrairu wani lamari ne da ba kasafai ba, domin ita ce rana daya tilo da ba a kowace shekara, sai dai a ce mutum yakan fuskanci sau daya a kowace shekara hudu, wadanda aka haifa a wannan rana ana daukarsu a cikin wadanda ba su yi sa'a ba a cikin 'yan Adam saboda ba a kowace shekara ranar haifuwarsu. amma sau daya a kowace shekara hudu.

Shekarun tsalle-tsalle shekaru ne da suka ƙunshi kwanakin kalanda 366 maimakon 365, kuma suna faruwa ne duk bayan shekaru huɗu a cikin kalandar Miladiyya, wato kalandar da galibin ƙasashen duniya ke amfani da su a halin yanzu. Ƙarin ranar, wanda aka sani da ranar tsalle, ita ce 29 ga Fabrairu, wanda ba ya wanzu a cikin shekarun da ba tsalle ba.

Ma’ana, duk shekara da ake raba ta hudu ita ce shekarar tsalle, kamar 2020 da 2024, ban da wasu shekaru ko shekaru dari da suka kare da lamba 00, kamar shekarar 1900.

Shafin yanar gizo na “Live Science” wanda ya kware kan labaran kimiyya, ya buga cikakken rahoto, wanda Al Arabiya Net ya duba, inda ya bayyana dalilai da yadda “shekarar tsalle” ta bullo, da tarihinta a duniya.

Rahoton ya yi nuni da cewa, sauran kalandar da ba na yammacin duniya ba, da suka hada da kalandar Musulunci, kalandar Ibrananci, kalandar Sinawa, da kalandar Habasha, su ma suna da nau'ikan shekarun tsalle-tsalle, amma wadannan shekarun ba duk shekara hudu suke zuwa ba kuma galibi suna faruwa cikin shekaru. daban da wanda ke cikin kalandar Gregorian. Wasu kalanda kuma sun ƙunshi kwanakin tsalle da yawa ko ma gajerun watannin tsalle.

Baya ga shekarun tsalle-tsalle da kwanakin tsalle-tsalle, kalandar Gregorian (Yamma) kuma tana ƙunshe da ƴan daƙiƙan tsalle-tsalle, waɗanda aka ƙara kai tsaye zuwa wasu shekaru, na baya-bayan nan a 2012, 2015 da 2016. Koyaya, Ofishin Kula da Ma'auni da Ma'auni na Duniya (IBWM), ƙungiyar da ke da alhakin kiyaye lokaci na duniya, za ta kawar da tsalle-tsalle daga 2035 zuwa gaba.

Me yasa muke buƙatar shekarun tsalle?

Rahoton Kimiyya na Live ya ce shekarun tsalle suna da matukar muhimmanci, kuma idan ba tare da su ba, shekarunmu za su bambanta gaba daya a ƙarshe. Shekarun tsalle-tsalle suna wanzuwa saboda shekara ɗaya a kalandar Gregorian ta ɗan gajarta fiye da shekara ta rana ko na wurare masu zafi, wanda shine adadin lokacin da take ɗaukan duniya gaba ɗaya ta kewaya rana gaba ɗaya. Shekarar kalandar daidai yake da tsawon kwanaki 365, amma shekarar hasken rana ta kai kimanin kwanaki 365.24, ko kwanaki 365, sa'o'i 5, mintuna 48, da sakan 56.

Idan ba a yi la’akari da wannan bambamci ba, duk shekara da ta wuce za mu rubuta tazarar da ke tsakanin farkon shekarar kalandar da shekara ta hasken rana wadda za ta fadada da sa’o’i 5 da mintuna 48 da dakika 56 a kowace shekara, kuma hakan zai yi tasiri. canza lokacin yanayi. Misali, idan muka daina amfani da shekarun tsalle, bayan kimanin shekaru 700, lokacin rani a Arewacin Hemisphere zai fara a watan Disamba maimakon Yuni.

Ƙara kwanakin tsalle a kowace shekara ta huɗu yana kawar da wannan matsala sosai saboda karin ranar yana kusan daidai da bambancin da ke tarawa a wannan lokacin.

Koyaya, tsarin bai cika ba: muna samun kusan ƙarin mintuna 44 a kowace shekara huɗu, ko kwana ɗaya kowace shekara 129. Don magance wannan matsalar, muna tsallake shekarun tsalle-tsalle kowace shekara ɗari ban da waɗanda za a raba ta 400, kamar 1600 da 2000. Amma duk da haka, har yanzu akwai ɗan bambanci tsakanin shekarun kalanda da shekarun hasken rana, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa Ofishin Kula da Ma'auni da Ma'auni na ƙasa da ƙasa shima yayi gwaji da sakan tsalle.
Amma gabaɗaya, shekarun tsalle suna nufin cewa kalandar Gregorian (Yamma) ta kasance daidai da tafiyar da muke yi a rana.

Tarihin shekarun tsalle

Tunanin shekarun tsalle yana komawa zuwa 45 BC, lokacin da tsohon Sarkin Roma Julius Kaisar ya kafa kalandar Julian, wanda ya ƙunshi kwanaki 365 zuwa watanni 12 da muke amfani da su a kalandar Gregorian.
Kalandar Julian ta haɗa da shekarun tsalle a kowace shekara huɗu ba tare da togiya ba, kuma an daidaita shi tare da lokutan duniya godiya ga "Shekarar Ƙarshe na Rudani" a cikin 46 BC, wanda ya haɗa da watanni 15 tare da jimlar kwanaki 445, a cewar Jami'ar Houston.

Shekaru aru-aru, kalandar Julian ta yi kama da aiki daidai, amma a tsakiyar karni na 10, masana astronomers sun lura cewa yanayi ya fara kusan kwanaki XNUMX kafin lokacin da ake sa ran lokacin bukukuwa masu mahimmanci, irin su Easter, ba su dace da wasu abubuwan da suka faru ba, irin su vernal. equinox.

Don magance wannan matsala, Paparoma Gregory XIII ya gabatar da kalandar Gregorian a shekara ta 1582, daidai da kalandar Julian amma ban da shekarun tsalle na mafi yawan shekaru ɗari.

Shekaru aru-aru, kalandar Gregorian kasashen Katolika ne kawai, kamar Italiya da Spain, amma daga karshe kasashen Furotesta ma suka karbe shi, kamar Burtaniya a shekara ta 1752, lokacin da shekarunsa suka fara karkata sosai daga na kasashen Katolika.

Saboda sabanin da ke tsakanin kalandar, kasashen da daga baya suka sauya sheka zuwa kalandar Gregorian an tilasta musu tsallake kwanaki don aiki tare da sauran kasashen duniya. Misali, lokacin da Biritaniya ta sauya kalanda a shekara ta 1752, 2 ga Satumba ta biyo bayan 14 ga Satumba, in ji Royal Greenwich Museum.

Rahoton kimiyya mai rai ya kammala da cewa za a tilasta wa mutane a wani lokaci a nan gaba don sake kimanta kalandar Gregorian saboda bai dace da shekarun hasken rana ba, amma zai ɗauki dubban shekaru kafin hakan ya faru.

Pisces suna son horoscope don shekara ta 2024