Chernobyl .. bala'in da mutum ya yi, za a sake maimaita shi a yau

Daya daga cikin bala'o'i mafi muni da mutum ya yi a tarihinsa, fashewa a tashar makamashin nukiliya ta Chernobyl da ke arewacin Ukraine, wanda ya mayar da Pripyat da ke cike da cunkoson jama'a zuwa garin fatalwa kuma ya zama sananne da "garin fatalwa".

Kamfanin Chernobyl mai suna Vladimir Lenin a zamanin Soviet, shi ne tashar makamashin nukiliya ta farko da aka gina a kasar Ukraine.

An fara aikin gina masana'antar ne a shekarar 1970, kuma bayan shekaru bakwai na'urar reactor na farko ya fara aiki, kuma a shekarar 1983 ma'aikatan injin din guda hudu suna samar da kusan kashi 10 na wutar lantarkin kasar Ukraine.

Yayin da ake aikin ginin masana'antar, kafin bala'in, gwamnatin Soviet ce ta gina garin farko na ma'aikata da danginsu, Pripyat, wanda aka kafa a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1970 a matsayin birni mai rufaffiyar nukiliya, shi ne na tara a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.

Yawan jama'ar birnin a ranar bala'i a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1986 kusan mutane dubu 50 ne, kwararru ne, ma'aikata da danginsu da ke aiki a tashar nukiliyar, kuma a yau Pripyat yana wakiltar hoto na zalunci na zamanin nukiliya.

A daren 25 ga Afrilu, 1986, gungun injiniyoyi a masana'antar, mai lamba hudu, sun fara gwajin sabbin na'urori da na'urori, kuma babu wanda ya yi tsammanin cewa wannan dare ba zai wuce cikin lumana ba.

Injiniyoyin sun bukaci rage karfin makamashin nukiliyar, don samun nasarar aikinsu, amma sakamakon rashin kididdigar da aka yi, an rage yawan abin da ake fitarwa zuwa wani matsayi mai mahimmanci, wanda ya haifar da rufe kusan gaba daya.

An yanke shawara nan da nan don ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki, don haka reactor ya fara zafi da sauri, kuma bayan wasu daƙiƙai an sami fashewar manyan abubuwa guda biyu.

Fashe-fashen sun lalata tushen wutar lantarki da aka shafe kwanaki tara ana yi.

Wannan ya haifar da sakin iskar gas na rediyo da kurar nukiliya, a cikin iskar da ke sama da injin, wanda ya yi wani katon gajimare a sararin samaniya wanda ya harba zuwa Turai.

Adadin kayan aikin rediyo da aka kora, kimanin tan 150, ya tashi cikin sararin samaniya, wanda ya fallasa mutane zuwa ga radiation sau 90 fiye da abin da ya faru a cikin bam din Hiroshima a Japan.

A ranar 26 ga Afrilu an yi muni da ban tsoro, kuma a ranar 27 ga wata aka fara aikin kwashe jama'a, wanda ya dauki tsawon sa'o'i uku, inda aka tura mutane 45 zuwa wurare da ke kusa, nesa ba kusa ba, sannan aka tilasta wa mutane 116. don barin yankin da kewaye.

Kimanin mutane 600 daga dukan tsoffin jamhuriyar Soviet ne suka taimaka wajen kwashe mutanen.

Nan da nan bayan bala'in, mutane 31 sun mutu, yayin da mafi yawan abubuwan da aka fi sani da radiation sun shafi mutane kusan 600, kuma mafi yawan allurai na radiation sun sami kimanin ma'aikatan gaggawa dubu a ranar farko ta bala'in.

A cikin duka, kimanin 'yan ƙasa miliyan 8.4 na Belarus, Rasha da Ukraine sun fuskanci radiation.

A cewar kungiyar Chernobyl ta Ukraine, kimanin mutane 9000 ne suka mutu sakamakon kamuwa da cututtuka masu tsanani kamar su kansa, yayin da mutane 55 suka nakasa a sakamakon wannan bala'i.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan fashewar, an ƙirƙiri wani yanki mai nisan kilomita 30 (mita 17), kuma nan da nan bayan bala'in, ma'aikata sun gina garkuwa na wucin gadi a kan injin da aka lalata, wanda ake kira Akwatin.

A tsawon lokaci, wannan sarcophagus ya tabarbare, kuma a cikin 2010 an fara gina sabon shinge, don hana ci gaba da zub da jini a cikin injin da ba ya aiki.

Amma a baya-bayan nan an dakatar da aikin garkuwar a cikin rikicin Ukraine.

A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1987, an tuhumi tsoffin jami'ai da masu fasaha na Chernobyl shida da laifin sakaci da kuma keta dokokin tsaro.

Uku daga cikinsu: Viktor Bruyehov - tsohon darektan shuka na Chernobyl, Nikolai Fomin - tsohon babban injiniya da Anatoly Dyatlov - tsohon mataimakin injiniya, an yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari.

An rufe reactor na ƙarshe a Chernobyl ta hanyar umarnin gwamnatin Ukraine a cikin 2000.

Ana sa ran za a daina aiki da tashar wutar lantarki gaba daya nan da shekarar 2065.

A watan Disambar 2003 babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ayyana ranar 26 ga Afrilu a matsayin ranar tunawa da wadanda hatsarin rediyo da bala'o'i ya shafa a duniya.