Phunzirani za mbiri ya mpira

Mbiri yamakono yamasewera omwe amakonda kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yatenga zaka zopitilira 100. Zonsezi zinayamba mu 1863 ku England, pamene mpira wa rugby unatuluka kuchokera kumagulu awo osiyanasiyana, ndipo bungwe la Football Association of England linakhazikitsidwa, kukhala bungwe loyamba lolamulira la masewerawo.

Zizindikiro zonsezi zimachokera ku muzu wamba ndipo zonse zili ndi mtengo wamakolo wamtali komanso wovuta kwambiri. Kafukufuku wazaka mazana ambiri akuwonetsa masewera osachepera theka la khumi ndi awiri, ku madigiri osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, omwe chitukuko chawo cha mbiriyakale chinayambira mpira. Kaya kapena ayi izi zitha kulungamitsidwa nthawi zina. Komabe, zoona zake n’zakuti anthu akhala akukonda kukankha mpira kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, ndipo palibe chifukwa choganizira kuti ndi kupatuka pa “njira yachibadwa” yosewera mpira ndi manja awo.

M'malo mwake, kupatula kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito miyendo ndi mapazi mu zovuta zovuta za mpira, nthawi zambiri popanda malamulo otetezera, poyamba adazindikira kuti luso loyendetsa mpira ndi mapazi silinali lophweka, ndipo motero, zinafunikira luso laling'ono. Masewero oyambirira omwe pali umboni wa sayansi anali zochitika zochokera m'buku lankhondo la zaka za m'ma XNUMXnd ndi XNUMXrd BC ku China.

Mzera wa mpira wa Han umenewu unkatchedwa Zu Zhou ndipo unkaphatikizapo kukankha mpira wachikopa wodzadza ndi nthenga ndi tsitsi pabowo, wotalika masentimita 30 mpaka 40 m'lifupi, kulowa muukonde waung'ono wokhazikika pa ndodo yayitali yansungwi. Malinga ndi mtundu wina wa masewerawa, wosewerayo sankaloledwa kulunjika pa chandamale chake popanda cholepheretsa, koma ankayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapazi, chifuwa, msana ndi mapewa pamene akuyesera kupirira zigawenga za adani ake. Kugwiritsa ntchito manja sikuloledwa.

Mtundu wina wa masewerawa, womwe umachokera ku Far East, unali "kimari" wa ku Japan, womwe unayamba zaka 500-600 pambuyo pake ndipo ukuseweredwa lero. Awa ndi masewera omwe alibe mpikisano wa Tsu Chu popanda kulimbana ndi kukhala nawo. Osewerawo anali atayima mozungulira, ndipo anayenera kupatsirana mpirawo kwa wina ndi mzake, mu malo aang'ono, kuyesera kuti usagwire pansi.

Mawu achi Greek akuti "Episkyros" - omwe atsala pang'ono - anali osangalatsa, monganso "Harpastum" yachiroma. Womaliza adaseweredwa ndi mpira wawung'ono ndi magulu awiri pabwalo lamakona anayi okhala ndi mizere yamalire komanso pakati. Cholinga chinali chakuti mpirawo upitirire malire a otsutsa ndipo pamene osewera akusankha pakati pawo, bluffing inali dongosolo la tsikulo. Masewerawa adakhala otchuka kwa zaka 700-800, koma ngakhale kuti Aroma adapita nawo ku Britain, kugwiritsa ntchito phazi kunali kochepa kwambiri moti kunali kosowa kwambiri.