Maselo osadziwika bwino a chitetezo cha mthupi amawonekera m'mimba

Maselo osadziwika bwino a chitetezo cha mthupi amawonekera m'mimba

Pogwira ntchito yojambula selo lililonse m'thupi la munthu, gulu la asayansi lapadziko lonse lapansi lapeza mtundu wa selo la chitetezo cha mthupi lomwe limapezeka poyamba m'mimba, ndipo kukhalapo kwake mwa anthu kwakhala kutsutsana kwambiri mpaka pano, lipoti la Live Science, likutchula Sayansi.

Maselo osamvetsetseka, omwe amadziwika kuti B-1 maselo, adapezeka koyamba mu mbewa m'ma 2018, malinga ndi kafukufuku wasayansi wa 1 wofalitsidwa mu Journal of Immunology. Ma cell a B-1 amawoneka koyambirira kwa mbewa, m'mimba, ndikupanga ma antibodies osiyanasiyana akayatsidwa. Ena mwa ma antibodies amenewa amamatira ku maselo a mbewa ndikuthandizira kuchotsa maselo akufa ndi kufa m'thupi. Ma cell a B-XNUMX omwe adalowetsedwa amapanganso ma antibodies omwe amakhala ngati njira yoyamba yodzitetezera kumatenda, monga ma virus ndi mabakiteriya.

Chiyambi cha chisinthiko chaumunthu

Maselo a B-1 atapezeka mu mbewa, gulu lofufuza linanena mu 2011 kuti adapeza maselo ofanana mwa anthu, koma zotsatirazi sizinavomerezedwe ngati umboni wotsimikizirika.

Thomas Rothstein, pulofesa ndi woyambitsa wa dipatimenti ya Investigative Medicine ndi mkulu wa Center for Immunobiology ku Western Michigan Medical School Homer Stryker, amene anali woyamba wofufuza mu phunziro lapitalo, anati pali umboni wamphamvu kuti B-1 maselo Kukula kwaumunthu mu trimester yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ya mimba.

Rothstein, yemwe sanachite nawo kafukufuku watsopano, adanenanso kuti zotsatira za kafukufuku waposachedwapa "zitsimikizira ndi kukulitsa ntchito yofalitsidwa kale (kafukufuku)."

chitukuko cha chitetezo cha mthupi

Dr. Nicole Baumgarth, pulofesa ku UC Davis Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, yemwe sanachite nawo kafukufuku watsopano, adanena kuti amakhulupirira kuti zomwe zakhala zikuchitika mu kafukufuku watsopano ndi "zotsimikizika kwambiri" ndipo zimagwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti anthu. kunyamula ma cell a B-1, ndikuwonjezera Kuti mwachidziwitso, maselo a B-1 amatha kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula koyambirira, ndipo powaphunzira mopitilira, asayansi atha kuwongolera kumvetsetsa kwawo momwe chitukuko cha chitetezo chamthupi chamunthu chimawonekera.

Atlas ya maselo aumunthu

Kafukufuku watsopano wasindikizidwa pamodzi ndi maphunziro ena atatu, opangidwa ndi Human Cell Atlas Consortium (HCA), gulu la kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lomwe likugwira ntchito kuti lizindikire malo, ntchito ndi makhalidwe a mtundu uliwonse wa selo mu thupi la munthu. Pamodzi, maphunziro anayiwa akuphatikiza kusanthula kwa maselo aumunthu opitilira miliyoni imodzi, omwe akuyimira mitundu yopitilira 500 yama cell ochokera kumitundu yopitilira 30.

Ngakhale wofufuza wamkulu pa kafukufuku watsopano, Pulofesa Sarah Tishman, Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti ya Cytogenetics ku Wellcome Sanger Institute ku England komanso wapampando wa Komiti Yokonzekera ya Atlas of Human Cells, adanena kuti maphunzirowa ndi "mapu a Google thupi la munthu, kuphatikizapo kusonyeza molondola” kwa selo limodzi ndi malo ake.

kukulitsa minofu

Pulofesa Tishman ndi anzake posachedwapa ayang'ana khama lawo pa maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi, makamaka, maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi omwe amatuluka panthawi ya chitukuko chaumunthu. Kufufuzaku kunaphatikizapo maselo ochokera m'magulu asanu ndi anayi omwe akukula, monga thymus, gland yomwe imapanga maselo oteteza thupi ndi mahomoni, ndi fetal yolk sac, kapangidwe kakang'ono kamene kamadyetsa mwana wosabadwayo ali ndi pakati. Zitsanzo zonse za minyewa zomwe gululo lasanthula zidachokera ku Human Developmental Biology Resource, banki ya minofu yaku UK yomwe imasunga minyewa ya mwana wosabadwayo, ndi chilolezo cholembedwa kuchokera kwa opereka.

Woonda kuposa tsitsi la munthu

Zonsezi, zomwe zafotokozedwazo zinakhudza nthawi yoyambirira ya chitukuko kuyambira masabata anayi mpaka 17 pambuyo pa umuna, m'kati mwa trimesters yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ya mimba. Pulofesa Tishman adati ofufuzawo adatenga zithunzi zowoneka bwino za minofuyi pamlingo wa mainchesi 0.001 (50 microns), womwe ndi woonda kuposa tsitsi la munthu. Pa mlingo wa selo imodzi, gululo lidasanthula zonse za 'RNA transcripts' mumtundu uliwonse, zomwe zimawonetsa mapuloteni osiyanasiyana omwe selo lililonse limapanga. Pogwiritsa ntchito malembawa, ochita kafukufuku akhoza kupanga malingaliro okhudza umunthu ndi ntchito ya selo lililonse.

Kupyolera mu kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane, gululo linapeza maselo omwe amafanana ndi kufotokozera kwa maselo a B-1 omwe amapezeka mu mbewa, malinga ndi makhalidwe awo komanso nthawi ya maonekedwe.

B-2

"Mu makoswe, maselo a B-1 amawoneka oyambirira - amawonekera poyamba," adatero Dr. Rothstein. Mtundu wina wa maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi, moyenerera umatchedwa B-2, kenako umatuluka pambuyo pa B-1 maselo oyambirira ndipo pamapeto pake amakhala mawonekedwe ochuluka kwambiri a B cell mu mbewa. Pomwe Pulofesa Tishman adafotokoza kuti maselo a chitetezo chamthupi amatha kuthandizira kupaka minofu yatsopano momwe imapangidwira.

Kuchepetsa minofu

Dr. Baumgarth anati: "Mukaganizira za kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo, kawirikawiri, pamakhala kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa minofu kumachitika nthawi zonse." Mwachitsanzo, anthu amayamba kuchita ukonde pakati pa zala zawo, koma amazilalanso asanabadwe. Ananenanso kuti ndizotheka kuti ma cell a B-1 amathandizira kuwongolera minofu panthawi yakukula, koma adati zinali zongopeka.

Anapitiliza kunena kuti kuwonjezera pakusema minofu, ma cell a B-1 amatha kupereka chitetezo chamthupi ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tochepa kwambiri kuti tidutse chotchinga cha placenta.