Malunga nesifo esifihlakeleyo .. i-meningitis, iintlobo zayo, iimpawu

I-Meningitis sisifo esivuthayo esichaphazela i-mucous membranes ejikeleze ingqondo kunye nentambo yomgogodla, ebangelwa yintsholongwane okanye intsholongwane.

Ibhaktheriya meningitis:

I-prognosis: Kukho ithuba elihle lokubuyisela ngaphandle komonakalo owenziweyo, kwaye iingxaki zokubuyisela ngokupheleleyo, ngokutsho kophando lwezonyango, ziqikelelwe kwi-90%, ngaphandle kokuba unyango lwenziwa ekuqaleni. Izinto ezinokuchaphazela amathuba okuchacha ikakhulu yimpilo enkenenkene yomguli, ukulibaziseka ekuqaliseni unyango, okanye intsholongwane yoxinzelelo oluqatha kunesiqhelo.

I-Aseptic meningitis:

Abaphandi abakaphumeleli ukuchonga unobangela wolu hlobo lokudumba, kwiinzame zabo zokuyiphakamisa kwinkcubeko, emva kokuthatha isampuli yolwelo lomzimba - ukusuka apha, igama laphefumlelwa (kodwa kukho ezinye iindlela ezinceda ukufumanisa isizathu. ukudumba).

Inokwenzeka ukuba, imbangela yintsholongwane yentsholongwane (kule meko, ukusuleleka kubangelwa yintsholongwane), kodwa kwinani elincinci leemeko, esinye isizathu sokusuleleka, njengama-parasites, sithetha.

I-Viral meningitis (ukudumba kwenwebu kubangelwa yintsholongwane):

Iintsholongwane ezidla ngokusetyenziswa ukubangela i-meningitis zii-enteroviruses. Ezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo zentsholongwane yi-arbovirus, i-oral herpes simplex uhlobo lwe-2 kunye ne-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Usulelo olubangelwa yi-enteroviruses kunye neentsholongwane ze-arthropod ngamaxesha, kwaye ukuxhaphaka kwabo kwanda kakhulu ehlotyeni.

Inkcazo: Ikhosi yesi sifo ayinabungozi, umkhuhlane kunye nentloko ebuhlungu iyancipha kwisithuba esingangeveki, kwaye ngaphandle kwezinye iimeko ezinqabileyo, kwiimeko ezininzi kuchacha ngokupheleleyo.

Iimpawu ze-meningitis

Iimpawu ze-meningitis Olona phawu luxhaphakileyo ekuxilongeni bubunzima bokuhambisa intamo
(Igama elithi “impawu zemeningeal” lithetha into eyenzeka kwisigulana nesiyichazayo, ngoxa igama elithi “uphawu” lithetha izinto ezibonwa ngugqirha xa exilonga.) Iimpawu ze-meningitis ezinokuvela: intloko, i-photophobia; Iimpawu ezilandelayo zivela: Umkhuhlane, ukuqina xa uhambisa intamo kwinqwelo-moya yangaphambili (lo mqondiso ungabonakali kubantwana nakubantu abadala).

Izibonakaliso ezongezelelweyo ezinokwenzeka zesi sifo: Ukutshintsha kwinqanaba lokuziva, isicaphucaphu kunye nokuhlanza, ukuxhuzula (ukuxhuzula), i-cranial neuropathy, kunye neempawu ezongezelelweyo ezilandelayo zingavela kwiintsana kunye nabantwana: Ukucaphuka ngokugqithiseleyo, ukungazinzi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-aseptic meningitis: Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziyintloko, isicaphucaphu, ubuthathaka jikelele, kwaye uphawu oluqhelekileyo ekuxilongweni bubunzima bokuhambisa intamo (i-torso eqinile). Umfanekiso wesifo uhlala ubolekwa ngaphantsi kunomfanekiso ocacileyo we-bacterial meningitis.

Izizathu kunye nezinto ezinobungozi kwi-meningitis

Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokuchasa ukudumba yi-pneumococci - enoxanduva malunga nesiqingatha samatyala, kwaye ithathwa njengeyona nto ingunobangela welona nani likhulu lokufa), i-meningococci - ngamanye amaxesha ibonakala njengerhashalala esasazekileyo, ebandakanya amachaphaza amfusa abalaseleyo), kunye ( I-Hemofilus - amazinga osulelo kule bhaktiriya aye ehla ngokuthe ngcembe ukususela ekubeni ugonyo luye lwamkeleka, kwaye lukhuthazwa ngabantwana). Usulelo ngezi ntsholongwane zintathu zenza i-80% yazo zonke iimeko zosulelo lwebhaktiriya.

Abantu abasengozini yokufumana isifo liqela labantu abasuleleke kwindawo esebenzayo engcolileyo, njenge-internal ear infection, sinusitis ebusweni (Sinusitis), inyumoniya kunye ne-endocarditis;
Imiba eyongezelelweyo yengozi ibandakanya: i-cirrhosis, utywala, isifo esibi segazi, ukuphazamiseka kwe-immune system, kunye nokulimala kwentloko okubangele ukuvuza kwe-cerebrospinal fluid kufuphi nexesha lokusuleleka.
Ezona ntsholongwane zixhaphakileyo yiStreptococcus B. Uninzi lwabantu bosulelwe yile bhaktiriya ngabantwana abangaphantsi kwenyanga enye ubudala, iListeria, ebangela isifo phakathi kwabantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa kunye nabantu abadala, i-Staphylococcus, ibangele usulelo phakathi kwabantu abanokulimala okungena entloko okanye phakathi kwabantu abaye bahlaselwa. utyando lonyango oluhlaselayo lwentloko.

unyango lwe-meningitis

Ilandelwa ngokukhawuleza ukunyanga i-meningitis yokuqala kunye ne-antibiotics, inikwe uhlobo oluyingozi lwesi sifo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kokuhlatywa kwe-lumbar (emva kokuhlatywa kwe-lumbar kunokuba ngaphambi kokuba kuthintelwe ukugquma, njengoko unyango lubangela utshintsho olukhawulezayo kwixabiso le-cerebrospinal fluid; kwaye ke kunzima ukucacisa ngokuchanekileyo isifo kunye ne-pathogen) kwaye ngaphambi kokumisela isazisi se-pathogen. I-antibiotic esetyenziselwa unyango yi-ceftriaxone, enikezelwa nge-intravenous infusion, kwi-dose ye-4 grams ngosuku. Olunye unyango oluqhelekileyo yi-cefotaxime ngokufakwa kwi-intravenous ye-12 grams ngosuku.

Kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala, i-penicillin idla ngokufakwa kwi-intravenous infusion, kwi-dose ye-12 grams ngosuku. I-Vancomycin yongezwa kwi-dose ye-2 grams ngosuku, kwiimeko zokuvuvukala emva kokulimala kwentloko okanye ukulandela iinkqubo zonyango ezihlaselayo entloko.

Kutshanje, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-corticosteroid yohlobo lweDexamethasone kunciphisa izinga lokusweleka kunye nomngcipheko wokukhubazeka okusisigxina, phakathi kwabantu abadala abane-emphysema yezicubu zobuchopho, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-intracranial, kunye nenkqubo yesifo esivuthayo. (Unyango lwe-corticosteroid-uhlobo lwe-dexamethasone lwalusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela phakathi kwabantwana, kude kube kungekudala, kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba negalelo elikhulu ekunciphiseni izinga lengxaki, ngokukodwa, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwizigulane ezibangelwa yi-Haemophilus influenzae. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, oko kuchazwe ngaphambili. ivunyiwe ukuba isetyenziswe kubantu abadala Kananjalo). Ukumisela i-pathogen kunye nokuqikelela uvakalelo lwayo kumachiza ahlukeneyo kwenza ukuba kuqhutywe unyango kunye neyeza elichanekileyo.

Unyango lwe-aseptic meningitis: Unyango luhlala luxhasa (njengonyango olunokuthomalalisa iintlungu kunye nolwelo olufakwa emithanjeni) kwaye lufanelekile kwiimpawu zesigulana.