Zimiselwa kwaye zenziwe njani iimpawu zobuntu?

Iingcali zengqondo zihlala zithetha ngeempawu zobuntu kunye neempawu, kodwa zeziphi iimpawu kunye neempawu kwaye zenziwe njani? Ngaba yimveliso yemfuza okanye ukukhuliswa kunye nokusingqongileyo? Ukuba sicinga ukuba iimpawu kunye neempawu zisisiphumo sofuzo, ubuntu bethu buya kwenziwa kwangoko ebomini bethu kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukutshintsha kamva.

Kodwa ukuba sisiphumo sokukhuliswa kunye nokusingqongileyo, ngoko ke amava kunye neemeko esihamba nazo ngexesha lokuphila kwethu ziya kudlala indima enkulu ekubunjweni kwezi mpawu kunye neempawu, kwaye oku kusinika ukuguquguquka okufunekayo ukutshintsha, ukuguqula kunye nokutshintsha. ukufumana iimpawu ezintsha.

Ukumisela eyona nto iphambili phakathi kokusingqongileyo kunye nemfuza ekubunjweni kweempawu kunye neempawu zomntu yenye yeengxaki ezinkulu ezijongene neengcali zokuziphatha. Ngenxa yokuba imizila yemfuza ngamalungu asisiseko ebhayoloji adlulisela iimpawu ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye, yaye umzila ngamnye unxulunyaniswa nophawu oluthile, ubuntu abumiselwa luhlobo oluthile lwemfuza, kodwa yimizila yemfuza emininzi esebenza kunye. Ingxaki ayikho ngaphantsi kwicala lokusingqongileyo; Iimpembelelo ezingaziwayo ubukhulu becala, ezibizwa ngokuba ziimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo ezingezizo ezomntu ngamnye, zinempembelelo enkulu kubuntu bomntu, kwaye ubukhulu becala azinacwangco kwaye ziyahluka.

Nangona kunjalo, izazi ngemfuza zokuziphatha zidla ngokukholelwa ukuba iimpawu kunye neempawu zingumxube wemfuzo, ukukhuliswa kunye nokusingqongileyo. Bathembele kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zophando, ngakumbi iziphumo zezifundo zentsapho, izifundo zamawele kunye nezifundo zokwamkelwa, ukuchonga kunye nokwahlula phakathi kweempembelelo zofuzo kunye nokusingqongileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukubaluleka kwamava kumawele

Olona vavanyo lubalulekileyo lwentlalo apho uphononongo lweempawu zomntu luxhomekeke kumawele amkelwe ziintsapho ezahlukeneyo.

Injongo yolu phando kukukhangela izalamane ezabelana ngomxholo wemfuzo kwaye zihluke endaweni yokukhuliswa. Lo mfuniselo unceda ekulinganiseni amandla emfuza ekubumbeni iimpawu neempawu zomntu.

Ukuba imfuzo sisizathu sokudluliselwa kweempawu kunye neempawu ukusuka kubazali bemvelo ukuya kwinzala, ngoko ke iimpawu zabantwana abakhuliswe ngabanye zimele zifane nezo zabazali babo bemvelo kungekhona abazali babo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba indlela akhuliswe ngayo kunye nemeko-bume engqongileyo ibumba iimpawu zomntu ngamnye, iimpawu zabantwana abakhuliswe ngabanye zifanele zifane nabazali babo ababakhulisayo kunokuba zifane nabazali babo bokwenene.

Enye yale mifuniselo yi-Minnesota Experiment, apho ngaphezulu kwe-100 izibini zamawele zaphononongwa phakathi kuka-1979 no-1990. Eli qela laliquka omabini amawele afanayo (amawele afanayo avela kwiqanda elinye elahlukana libe ngamaqanda amabini emva kokuba liqhamile, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho imveku engaphezu kwesinye) namawele angafaniyo (amawele ahlukeneyo avela kumaqanda amabini ahlukeneyo) avelayo. kunye okanye njengento enye. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba ubuntu bamawele afanayo babufana nokuba bakhuliswe kwindlu enye okanye kumakhaya ahlukeneyo, kwaye oku kubonisa ukuba ezinye iinkalo zobuntu zichatshazelwa lufuzo.

Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba imekobume ayinandima ekubumbeni ubuntu. Oku akumangalisi, njengoko uphando lwamawele lubonisa ukuba amawele afanayo abelana malunga ne-50% yeempawu ezifanayo, ngelixa amawele azalwayo abelana kuphela malunga ne-20%. Ngaloo ndlela, sinokuthi iimpawu zethu zibunjwa lufuzo kunye nezinto ezisingqongileyo ezisebenzisanayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza ubuntu bethu ngabanye.

Ukukhulisa ngamanye amaxesha kunendima elinganiselweyo

Olunye uvavanyo oluphawulekayo lwenziwa yingcali yezengqondo yaseMelika uPeter Neubauer, ukususela ngo-1960, kwimeko yee-triplets: uDavid Kellman, uBobby Shafran, kunye no-Eddie Galland (amagama abo osapho ahlukeneyo ngenxa yokudityaniswa komntu ngamnye kusapho lwabamkeli babo. ). Apho ibali laqala khona ngonyaka ka-1980 AD, xa uBobby Shafran wafumanisa ukuba unomntakwabo. Aba babini badibana, kwaye ngencoko kwavezwa ukuba bamkelwe, kwaye kungekudala bagqiba ukuba bangamawele. Kwiinyanga ezininzi kamva, uDavid Kellman - iwele labo lesithathu - lavela kwifoto. Lo mva wavakalisa ukumangala kwakhe ngokufana nokufanelana phakathi kwakhe noBobby no-Eddie, kuquka neemeko zomprofeti. Ekugqibeleni bafumanisa ukuba babengabantwana abathathu abaye bathathwa ukuba bakhuliswe ngabazali babo emva kokuba umama wabo enengxaki yempilo yengqondo. Emva kokuba bamkelwe ziintsapho ezahlukeneyo, bafakwa phantsi kophononongo ngoogqirha bengqondo ababini, uPeter Neubauer noViola Bernard ngokubambisana ne-Arhente ye-Adoption yaseNew York ejongene nokwamkelwa kwamawele kunye namawele amathathu. Injongo yolu phando yayikukujonga ukuba ngaba iimpawu zelifa okanye zifunyenwe. Aba bathathu bohlulwa omnye komnye beseziintsana, ngenjongo yokufunda nophando. Ngamnye kubo wabekwa nosapho olwahlukileyo kusapho lomnye ngokwemfundo nakumgangatho wezoqoqosho. Uphononongo lubandakanya ukutyelelwa ngamaxesha athile kumawele kunye nokwenza iimvavanyo ezithile kunye neemvavanyo kuwo. Noko ke, ngokubukela ukudibana kwawo la mawele, onke avuma ukuba amaqhina obuzalwana asekwa phakathi kwawo ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba kwabonakala ngathi awazange ahlukane okanye akhuliswe ziintsapho ezintathu ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukungafani phakathi kwamawele kwaqala ukubonakala, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu inxulumene nempilo yengqondo, ngoko ke ubudlelwane bobuzalwana phakathi kwabo buphazamisekile, kwaye aba bathathu babandezeleka ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo yengqondo iminyaka, de omnye wabo waba yingozi. kubo, u-Eddie Galland, wazibulala ngo-1995.

Qinisekisa indima ye-genetic factor

Phakathi kwamabali awawafundayo uNeubauer lilo lamawele uPaula Bernstein noAlice Shane, abamkelwa njengeentsana ziintsapho ezahlukeneyo.

U-Alice uthi ngendlela awadibana ngayo nodade wabo oliwele, ukuba, ngelixa enesithukuthezi emsebenzini ngenye intsasa esebenza njengomenzi wefilimu ozimeleyo eParis, ingcinga yamkhokelela ekubeni abuze ngabazali bakhe bemvelo. Umama wakhe owamkhulisayo ngaphambili wabulawa ngumhlaza xa uAlice wayeneminyaka emithandathu ubudala. Ke ndaqala ukukhangela kwi-Intanethi, kwaye isikhangeli sokukhangela sabonisa iziphumo ezininzi, kubandakanya neziko elathatha iinkqubo zokwamkelwa kwayo. Uqhagamshelene neli ziko, efuna ukwazi naluphi na ulwazi malunga nabazali bakhe bemvelo kunye nosapho aphuma kulo. Ngokwenene, emva konyaka, wafumana impendulo, kwaye waziswa ngegama lakhe lokuqala, nokuba wazalelwa kumama oneminyaka engama-28 ubudala. Into eyamothusayo kukuba waxelelwa ukuba uliwele lika sisi, kwaye ungoyena mncinci. UAlice wayesiba nemincili kwaye ezimisele ukufumana ulwazi malunga nodade wabo oliwele. Ewe, walunikwa olu lwazi kwaye u-Alice wadibana nodadewabo uPaula Bernstein kwisiXeko saseNew York, apho ahlala khona kwaye esebenza njengentatheli yefilimu kwaye unentombi egama linguJesse. La mawele abelana ngokuthambekela kokuyila, asebenza kwishishini lefilimu kunye nobuntatheli, kwaye anezinto azithandayo, nangona oodade babini bengazange badibane de babe neminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesihlanu, kwaye abazange babelane ngendawo yokukhulisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukufana kweempawu kuqinisekisa ubukho bendima ye-genetic factor.
Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuba uvavanyo lukaPeter Neubauer luhluke kwezinye izifundo ezingamawele kuba lusebenzisa iimvavanyo kunye neemvavanyo kumawele ukususela ebuntwaneni. Kwaye zonke ezi ziphumo zazirekhodiwe kungekho mntu waziyo, ingengabo amawele okanye abazali abamkhulisayo, ukuba yayingomxholo wolu phando. Oku kunokuba kuhle ngokwembono yesayensi, ekubeni iziphumo ezikhutshwe kuyo zongeza ulwazi oluninzi malunga nombandela weempawu kunye neempawu zomntu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kukwaphulwa kwemigaqo yokuziphatha yesayensi ephula awona malungelo asisiseko. kula mawele ukuhlala kunye njengabazalwana. Okumangalisayo kukuba, iziphumo zagcinwa kwaye azipapashwa kude kube ngulo mzuzu. Apho iirekhodi zovavanyo lwe-Neubauer kwiYunivesithi yaseYale eMelika zavalwa kwaze kwaba ngu-2065 AD.

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