Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezitofu zokugonya i-corona kunye nendlela yokwenza ngayo nganye kuzo?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezitofu zokugonya i-corona kunye nendlela yokwenza ngayo nganye kuzo?

1- Isitofu sokugonya seZiko le-Aesthetic yaseRashiya

Isitofu sokugonya sibizwa ngokuba yi "Sputnik V", kwaye saphuhliswa yi-Aesthetic Institute eMoscow. Isitofu sokugonya saseRashiya sisekelwe kwi-adenovirus vectors, kwaye i-adenoviruses yabantu iphakathi kwezona zilula kwaye zilula kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa, kwaye ngoko ke ukusasazeka kwazo njengoko ii-vectors zandisiwe.

"IiVektha" ngabathwali abanokuhambisa imathiriyeli yemfuza ukusuka kwenye intsholongwane ukuya kwiseli. Izinto zofuzo ze-adenovirus ezibangela usulelo zisusiwe, ngelixa i-gene ephethe ikhowudi "ikhowudi" yeprotheyini evela kwenye intsholongwane, kwaye kwimeko yangoku yentsholongwane ye-corona esakhulayo, egama layo lesayensi "SARS Cove 2" - ingenisiwe.

Esi sithako sitsha songeziweyo sinceda amajoni omzimba ukuba aphendule kwaye avelise amajoni akhusela umzimba kusulelo.

2- isitofu sokugonya i-AstraZeneca-Oxford

Olu gonyo lwaphuhliswa ilebhu yaseBritane i-AstraZeneca kunye neYunivesithi yaseOxford "i-AstraZeneca-Oxford", kwaye itekhnoloji eyisebenzisayo "yintsholongwane yentsholongwane", apho kusetyenziswa enye intsholongwane engenabungozi, eguqulwa ukuba yongezwe kwinxalenye yeCorona. intsholongwane, kwaye ifakiwe Intsholongwane elungisiweyo yatshintshelwa kwiiseli zomntu, eyathi yona yavelisa iprotein efana ne "SARS-CoV-2", eyayiza kukhuthaza amajoni abo omzimba ukuba achonge.

Isitofu sokugonya se-Oxford-AstraZeneca sisebenzisa i-adenoviruses njenge-vector yentsholongwane, kwiteknoloji efana nesitofu sokugonya saseRashiya.

3- iPfizer-Biontech Vaccine

Iphuhliswe yinkampani yaseMelika iPfizer kunye neqabane layo laseJamani iBioNTech, isebenza kwitekhnoloji ye-RNA yesithunywa, okanye i-mRNA, imolekyuli exelela iiseli zethu ukuba zenze ntoni.

Esi sitofu sitofwa emzimbeni, kwaye sazisa le molekyuli elawula indlela yokwenziwa kwe-antigen ethile kwintsholongwane yeCorona “spike”, eyincam ekhethekileyo ebekwe kumphezulu wayo kwaye iyivumela ukuba ibambelele kwiiseli zomntu. yokungena. Le spike iya kuthi emva koko ibonwe yi-immune system, eya kuvelisa izilwa-buhlungu, kwaye ezi zilwa-buhlungu ziya kuhlala ixesha elithile.

4- Isitofu sokugonya seModerna

Olu gonyo lwaphuhliswa yinkampani yaseMelika iModerna, kwaye isitofu sokugonya sikaModerna sisebenzisa itekhnoloji efanayo “yesithunywa se-RNA” njengesitofu sokugonya sePfizer-Biontech.

5- UGonyo lweNkampani yeNovavax

Isitofu sokugonya saphuhliswa yinkampani yaseMelika iNovavax. Isekwe ekufakeni ijini elungisiweyo kwintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yintsholongwane yebhaktiriya (baculovirus), kwaye bayivumela ukuba yosulele iiseli zezinambuzane, emva koko iiproteni ze-spike zaqokelelwa kwezi seli ukuya kwi-nanoparticles, ethi ngelixa ijongeka njengentsholongwane yeCorona, kodwa azinakuphinda zivelise okanye zibangele i-COVID-19.

Ezi nanoparticles zijojowe emzimbeni ngesitofu sokugonya, apho zibangela ukubunjwa kwamajoni omzimba ekuphenduleni i-antibody. Kwaye ukuba umzimba udibana nentsholongwane ye-Corona kwixesha elizayo, amajoni omzimba aya kuba nakho ukuyigxotha.

6- isitofu sokugonya sikaJohnson & Johnson

Isitofu sokugonya, esaphuhliswa yinkampani yaseMelika "i-Johnson & Johnson", isekelwe kwi-adenovirus eguquliweyo - intsholongwane eqhelekileyo ebangela iimpawu ezibandayo - eyenzelwe ukudlulisa iinxalenye zezinto zofuzo ukusuka kwiprotheyini "ye-spike" ekhoyo. kwintsholongwane yeCorona.

7- Isitofu seNkampani yeSinopharma

Iphuhliswe yinkampani yaseTshayina, iSinopharm, kwaye ixhomekeke kwintsholongwane "inert" engasebenziyo, inkampani yeSinopharm yaphuhlisa ngokubambisana neWuhan Institute of Virology kunye neZiko leeMveliso zeBiological, ngokwengxelo yeDeutsche Welle.

Kwitekhnoloji yokugonya engasebenziyo, ii-arhente ezosulelayo ezivela kwintsholongwane ye-corona esakhulayo ziphathwa - ngokwekhemikhali okanye ngobushushu - ukuze zilahlekelwe yingozi yazo, kodwa ngelixa zigcina amandla azo okuvelisa impendulo yokhuselo lomzimba, kwaye lo lolona hlobo lwemveli lokugonya.

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