Ngaba ukutya inyama eninzi kubangela umhlaza wamathumbu?

Ngaba ukutya inyama eninzi kubangela umhlaza wamathumbu?

Iqela labaphandi eUnited States laphumelela ekufumaneni unxibelelwano phakathi kokutya inyama ebomvu negayiweyo kunye nesifo somhlaza wesisu.

Abaphandi bafumene iimpawu ezimbini zofuzo ezinokuchaza umngcipheko owongeziweyo womhlaza wekoloni, kodwa hayi isiseko sayo sebhayoloji. Ukuqonda inkqubo yesifo kunye nofuzo emva kwayo kunokunceda ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso ezingcono zokukhusela.

Ukuxhaphaka komhlaza wamathumbu

Ngokwento epapashwe yiNew Atlas, ecaphula ijenali Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, umhlaza wesikhumba, okwaziwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wamathumbu, lolona hlobo lwesithathu luxhaphakileyo lomhlaza kunye nesesibini unobangela wokufa okunxulumene nomhlaza kwihlabathi liphela. Kukwasekwenyukeni kwabantu abancinci, kunye ne-American Cancer Society ACS ingxelo yokuba i-20% yoxilongo ngo-2019 yayikwizigulana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-55, ephantse yaphinda kabini inqanaba ngo-1995.

Eyona ndlela iphambili yebhayoloji

Nangona umanyano phakathi kwenyama ebomvu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenyama ecoliweyo kunye nomhlaza we-colorectal yaziwa kangangexesha elithile, eyona ndlela iphambili yebhayoloji ephantsi kwayo ayichongwa. Kuphononongo olutsha, abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseSouthern California bafumanisa ukuba izinto ezimbini zofuzo ziguqula amanqanaba omngcipheko womhlaza ngokusekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwenyama ebomvu kunye nokucutshungulwa.

Iqela elithile lijongene nengozi enkulu

"Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba kukho iqela labantu abajongene nomngcipheko omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza we-colorectal ukuba batya inyama ebomvu okanye ecoliweyo," watsho uMariana Stern, umphandi okhokelayo wolu phando, ephawula ukuba "bavumela ukukrola kwindlela enokubakho emva. lo mngcipheko, othi "Inokulandelwa ngezifundo zovavanyo."

Abaphandi bahlalutya isampuli edibeneyo ye-29842 ye-colorectal cancer cases kunye ne-39635 yolawulo lwemvelaphi yaseYurophu kwizifundo ze-27. Baqale basebenzise idatha evela kwizifundo ukwenza imilinganiselo esemgangathweni yokusetyenziswa kwenyama ebomvu, inyama yenkomo, imvana, kunye nenyama ecoliweyo enje ngeesoseji kunye nenyama yedeli.

Iinkonzo zemihla ngemihla kwiqela ngalinye zibalwe kwaye zilungelelaniswe ngokwe-index mass mass (BMI), kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba bahlula ngamaqela amane ngokusekelwe kumanqanaba abo obomvu okanye owenziwe inyama. Abantu abanamazinga aphezulu okusetyenziswa kwenyama ebomvu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenyama ecutshungulweyo babengama-30% kunye nama-40% amathuba okuba babe nomhlaza wesisu, ngokulandelelanayo. Ezi ziphumo azizange zithathele ingqalelo ukuhluka kofuzo, okunokubangela umngcipheko omkhulu kwabanye abantu.

Iisampuli zeDNA

Ngokusekelwe kwiisampuli ze-DNA, abaphandi baqokelele idatha kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezisixhenxe zofuzo ezigubungela i-genome - isethi epheleleyo yedatha yemfuza - kumthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye wophando. Ukuhlalutya ubudlelwane phakathi kokutya inyama ebomvu kunye nomngcipheko womhlaza, uhlalutyo lwe-genome-wide-wide gene-environment interaction lwenziwa. Emva koko abaphandi bavavanya ii-SNP, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-snippets kwaye ziluhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokuhluka kofuzo, ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba banqume ukuba ubukho bohlobo oluthile lwezofuzo lutshintshe umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza kubantu abadla inyama ebomvu. Enyanisweni, umbutho phakathi kwenyama ebomvu kunye nomhlaza watshintshile kwii-SNP ezimbini kuphela ezihlolwe: i-SNP kwi-chromosome 8 kufuphi ne-HAS2 gene kunye ne-SNP kwi-chromosome 18, eyinxalenye ye-SMAD7 gene.

I-HAS2 yemfuza

Ijini ye-HAS2 yinxalenye yendlela enekhowudi yokuguqulwa kweprotheyini ngaphakathi kweeseli. Izifundo zangaphambili zayinxulumanisa nomhlaza we-colorectal, kodwa ayizange idibanise nokusetyenziswa kwenyama ebomvu. Uhlalutyo lwabaphandi lubonise ukuba abantu abaneenguqu eziqhelekileyo zofuzo ezifunyenwe kwi-66% yesampulu babenomngcipheko ophezulu wama-38% wokuba nomhlaza we-colorectal ukuba batye inqanaba eliphezulu lenyama. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, abo banezinto ezinqabileyo zohlobo olufanayo abazange babe nomngcipheko owongezelelweyo womhlaza xa besitya inyama ebomvu ngakumbi.

SMAD7 yemfuza

Ngokuphathelele i-SMAD7 gene, ilawula i-hepcidin, iprotheni ehambelana ne-iron metabolism. Ukutya kuqulethe iindidi ezimbini zentsimbi: intsimbi ye-heme kunye ne-non-heme iron. I-Heme iron ifunxwa ngokulula ngumzimba, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% yayo ifunxe ekutyeni okusetyenzisiweyo. Ngenxa yokuba inyama ebomvu kunye necutshungulweyo inamanqanaba aphezulu e-heme iron, abaphandi bacingela ukuba ukwahluka kofuzo kwe-SMAD7 kunokonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza ngokuguqula indlela umzimba oqhuba ngayo intsimbi.

Ukunyuka kwentsimbi ye-intracellular

UStern uthe: "Xa i-hepcidin i-dysregulated, inokukhokelela ekwandiseni isinyithi kunye nokunyuka kwentsimbi ye-intracellular," utshilo uStern.Kuye kwaboniswa ukuba abantu abaneekopi ezimbini ze-SMAD7 gene eqhelekileyo, efunyenwe malunga ne-74% yeesampuli, yayiyi-18%. Ipesenti yomhlaza wesisu ukuba batya amanqanaba aphezulu enyama ebomvu. Ngelixa abo banekopi enye kuphela yeyantlukwano eqhelekileyo okanye iikopi ezimbini zokwahluka okungaqhelekanga babenomngcipheko omkhulu womhlaza oqikelelwa kuma-35% kunye nama-46% ngokulandelelanayo. Abaphandi banethemba lokulandela izifundo zovavanyo ezinokomeleza ubungqina ngendima ye-iron metabolism engasebenziyo ekuphuhliseni umhlaza we-colorectal.

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