Ukuthengisa abafazi, indlela yoqhawulo-mtshato eNgilani

Phakathi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo ukuya embindini wenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, iNgilani yayiphila ngempembelelo yento eyodwa eyaziwa ngokuba kukuthengiswa kwabafazi.Ngelo xesha, kwakungokwemvelo ukuvula iphephandaba ukuze kufumaneke kulo isibhengezo sentengiso esasifakwe ngumntu ukuba aye uthengise umfazi wakhe kwifandesi kawonke-wonke emarikeni.

Ngokutsho kwemithombo emininzi yembali, phakathi kowe-1780 nowe-1850, eNgilani kwabona iifandesi ezingaphezu kwama-300 zabafazi.

Ngaphambi kowe-1857, iNgilani yayingenayo imithetho elawula imiqathango yoqhawulo-mtshato. Ukuze aphelise umtshato, amaNgesi kwakufuneka afumane imvume yePalamente kunye nenkxaso yeCawa.

Ngenxa yokuba lo mbandela wawuziswe kula magunya aphakamileyo, iindleko zokuqhawula umtshato zazixhomile, ngokufuthi zazifikelela kwiiponti ezingama-3000 XNUMX.

Phezu kweendleko ezinyukayo, zizityebi kuphela ezazikwazi ukuyiqhawula imitshato yazo nanini na ethanda, yaye ngenxa yoko, amalungu ezinye iindidi abhenela kwezinye izicombululo ukuze aphelise ubomi bawo obulusizi bomtshato.

Hayi kuqhawulo-mtshato oluvunyelweneyo

Ngokubhekiselele kumthetho wamaNgesi, wawukhaba ngawo omane uluvo lokuba aba batshati bahambe baze balahlane ngokuvumelane ngaphandle kokuya ePalamente, njengoko umyeni wayekwazi ukubeka iliso kuzo zonke iintshukumo zomfazi wakhe naphi na apho ahamba khona ukuba umshiyile umzi, kwaye wayenokubeka iliso kwiintshukumo zomfazi wakhe naphi na apho aya khona. ukwazi ukummangalela nokummangalela ngokukrexeza.

Kwakhona, indoda yayingenakutshata umfazi wesibini ngaphambi kokuba iwuphelise umtshato wayo nowokuqala ngenxa yomthetho wamaNgesi owawusalela isithembu.

Ekubeni bengakwazi ukuhlawula iindleko zokuphelisa umtshato, abantu abatshatileyo abaphuma kwiiklasi ezikumgangatho ophakathi nabahlwempuzekileyo babhenela ekupheliseni ubomi babo obulusizi bentsapho ngokuthengisa ngefandesi.

Esi siganeko sisasazeke ngokubanzi kwimimandla yesiNgesi ehluphekileyo, apho ibhinqa lahlelwa phakathi koluhlu lwezinto zomntu zendoda, kwaye lo mva wayekwazi ukuyithengisa nanini na xa efuna, kanye njengeenjongo zendlu.

Ngokutsho kwengxelo ephathelele le nto, indoda eliNgesi yayidla ngokusa umfazi wayo kwimarike kawonke-wonke okanye kwimarike eyenzelwe ukuthengisa izilwanyana ngaphambi kokuba imbhalise kuluhlu lweentengiso ukuze kufakwe intambo entanyeni, esinqeni okanye esihlahleni.

Umfazi phezu kwetafile ezithengiswayo

Emva koko umfazi ukhwela phezu kwebhokisi yefandesi okanye itafile ukuqala inkqubo yokuthengisa.

Xa kugqityiwe, umyeni kunye nenkosikazi kunye noyena mntu uthengisa kakhulu baya ebharini ukuze babhiyozele i-bargain.

Ngokuphathelele ukuthengiswa kwabafazi, yayiluqheliselo olungekho mthethweni olwavunywa ngabasemagunyeni baseNgesi, njengoko ukuthengisa yayiluqhawulo-mtshato olungokomfuziselo kuphela ukuphelisa iingxaki zomtshato.

Ukongezelela, iimeko ezininzi zolu hlobo lweentengiso zifunyenwe ngemvume yomfazi, apho lo mva uvumelana nomyeni wakhe, kwaye inkqubo yokuthengisa ihlelwe kumntu othile ngexabiso elingokomfanekiso elinokuthi ngamanye amaxesha lingadluli kwiponti enye.

Kwangaxeshanye, ngonyaka we-1733, iBirmingham yabona ukuthengiswa kwenkosikazi yokuqala apho indoda egama linguSamuel Whitehouse yathengisa umfazi wayo uMary Whitehouse emarikeni kwindoda egama linguThomas Griffiths ngeponti enye.

Ngowe-1832, indoda eliNgesi egama linguJoseph Thompson yathengisa umfazi wayo ngemali engaphantsi kweponti.

Ngexesha lokuthengisa, lo mva ubonise izinto ezintle kunye nezingalunganga zomfazi wakhe, emchaza njengenyoka, kodwa wancoma iimpawu zakhe ezifana nokukwazi ukusenga iinkomo, ukupheka nokucula. Ukuthengiswa kwabafazi kwancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, ukususela ngowe-1857, kulandela uMthetho wePalamente yamaNgesi, owawuququzelela iinkqubo zoqhawulo-mtshato waza wazenza zifikeleleke kuye wonke ubani, ngaloo ndlela waliphelisa eli siko lingaqhelekanga ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.