Kukho ungquzulwano lwehlabathi kunye nogqatso phakathi kwamazwe amakhulu ukuba ngabanikazi kunye nokuvula amanethiwekhi e-5G.

Amanethiwekhi e-5G amele isizukulwana esilandelayo sothungelwano oludibanisa kwi-Intanethi. Iya kubonelela nge-bandwidth ephezulu kakhulu kunye noqhagamshelo oluthembekileyo ngakumbi kwii-smartphones kunye nezinye izixhobo. Iya kuba ubuncinane amaxesha angama-4 ngokukhawuleza kune-1000G kwaye inokuba ngamaxesha e-XNUMX, eya kuvumela ukukhuphela iimuvi ze-HD kwimizuzwana embalwa nje.

Umgangatho we-5G wahlula umsebenzi wesizukulwana esitsha kwiindawo ezimbini.Inxalenye yokuqala ixhomekeke kubuchwepheshe kunye nee-frequencies ezisetyenziswe kwizizukulwana zangaphambili, kwaye inxalenye yesibini ixhomekeke kumaza amatsha ngokuzimeleyo. Ukuqonda ngcono indlela esebenza ngayo, kufuneka sichaze indlela uthungelwano lonxibelelwano olusebenza ngayo ngokubanzi.

amaza

Unxibelelwano olungenacingo luxhomekeke kwi-spectrum yamaza kunye ne-frequency ukusuka kwi-300 MHz ukuya kwi-100 GHz, kwaye loo maza ahlulwe abe ngamacandelo amathathu aphambili: i-low-frequency spectrum, i-medium-frequency spectrum kunye ne-high-frequency spectrum.

I-spectrum ye-low-frequency spectrum yi-spectrum enamaza angaphantsi kwe-800MHz, kwaye le ngqungquthela yamaza ibonakaliswe ngokugubungela okubanzi kunamanye amacandelo ngenxa yobudlelwane obuguquguqukayo phakathi kwamaza amaza kunye nobude bayo, nto leyo eyenza ibe yeyona ilungileyo ekugqumeni iindawo ezinkulu. ngenani elincinci lezixhobo. Kwelinye icala, amaza ale bhanti awona mancinci ngokwemigaqo yokukwazi ukuhambisa idatha kunye nokubonelela ngesantya esiphezulu se-Intanethi njengoko inokudlulisa isantya se-Intanethi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 Mbit / yesibini kuphela.

I-spectrum ye-medium-frequency spectrum yi-spectrum enamaza aphakathi kwe-800 MHz kunye ne-2 GHz, kwaye i-spectrum esetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa isizukulwana sesine sonxibelelwano lwe-4G, kunye nezantya ze-intanethi zifikelela kwi-1 gigabit / yesibini, ngelixa likwabonakaliswe ngesantya esiphezulu sokuphendula. kunesizukulwana sangaphambili. Le spectrum ikhethwa ngababoneleli benkonzo ye-telecom njengoko ibonelela ngokulinganisela phakathi kwesantya soqhagamshelwano kunye noluhlu lweendawo ezinokugutyungelwa.

I-spectrum ephakathi (ngaphantsi kwe-6 GHz), le ngqungquthela yamaza ayikasetyenziswa kuthungelwano lwezonxibelelwano ngenxa ye-wavelength yayo emfutshane, eya kubiza iinkampani inani elikhulu lezixhobo zokubonelela ngonxibelelwano.

Ukusetyenziswa kolu luhlu kulinganiselwe kwizixhobo ze-WIFI ezisetyenziswa emakhaya, kwiiofisi, kwiinkampani nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ukuze zisebenzise i-Intanethi kuphela hayi kwiinkonzo zonxibelelwano ngokubanzi.

I-spectrum ye-high-frequency spectrum okanye i-mmWave yi-spectrum yamaza engekasetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yonxibelelwano lwezorhwebo, oko kukuthi, akukho nkampani yonxibelelwano lwezorhwebo ethembele kuyo ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zayo kubasebenzisi. Yintoni ecacileyo kwigama leli candelo le-wave spectrum, libonakaliswa ngamaza aphezulu ukusuka kwi-6 GHz ukuya kwi-100 GHz, kwaye iya kuba likamva lonxibelelwano kwiminyaka ezayo ngenxa yokukwazi ukubonelela ngesantya esiphezulu. kunayo nayiphi na enye ispectrum. Ingxaki enkulu isekusetyenzisweni kolu luhlu, olububude obufutshane, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amandla aphantsi ala maza agubungela iindawo ezinkulu, nto leyo eya kufuna ukubonelela ngenani elikhulu lezixhobo zokugubungela ngokuqhubekayo.

Okwangoku sikwinqanaba lokusebenza, oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izixhobo eziya kuxhasa isizukulwana sesihlanu ziya kuxhomekeka kwii-frequencies zakudala ukongeza kwezinye iiseli zokusasaza ze-WIFI eziya kusasazeka kwizixeko ezikhulu emhlabeni wonke kulo nyaka nalandelayo. Kulindeleke ukuba ubukho be-5G ngexesha le-2021 buya kukhawulelwa kwezinye izixeko zase-United States of America, ezinye izixeko zaseYurophu nakwezinye iindawo zaseChina, eJapan naseSouth Korea, ngaphandle kokuba isantya esiphezulu sifumaneka phakathi kwezona ndawo. izixeko.

Kwilizwe lethu lama-Arabhu, amanye amazwe aseGulf aqalise ukwenza inkonzo ye-5G isebenze

Ekuqaleni, isantya se-Intanethi kwisizukulwana esitsha siya kunyuka ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-20 isantya esiphezulu sesizukulwana sangaphambili, njengoko isantya se-5G siya kufikelela kwi-20 Gbit / s. I-5G iya kuba nexesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-1ms xa kuthelekiswa ne-10ms isizukulwana sangaphambili. Isizukulwana sesihlanu siya kuxhasa inani elikhulu lezixhobo, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, kwaye siya kuxhasa onke amaza akhoyo, ukusuka kwi-spectrum ephantsi ukuya kumaza amaza e-mmWave. Ukongeza kuzo zonke iimpawu zangaphambili, i-5G iya kubonelela ngeenkonzo zonxibelelwano kwinani elikhulu labasebenzisi, ukuya kuthi ga kwisigidi sabasebenzisi ngekhilomitha yesikwere. Indawo kuphela apho i-4G igqwesa ngaphezu kwe-XNUMXG kukuba idinga kuphela izixhobo ezimbalwa kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukugubungela iindawo ezinkulu.