Imonkeypox: izimpawu, izimpawu kanye nokuvimbela

Imonkeypox: izimpawu, izimpawu kanye nokuvimbela

SEKUQUBUKE uvalo olusha emhlabeni, ngemuva kokuba amazwe amaningi emhlabeni ememezele ukuthi aseqophe amacala esifo esisha esaziwa ngele “monkeypox”.

Amasosha aseJalimane amemezele ukutholakala kwecala lokuqala lemonkeypox edolobheni laseMunich, kwathi iFrance yaqopha isifo sokuqala enhlokodolobha, iParis. I-Canadian Health Agency iqinisekise amacala amabili okuqala e-monkeypox kubantu, kanti i-United States yamemezela icala lokuqala le-monkeypox ngemuva kokufika komuntu onaleli gciwane evela eCanada. ISpain imemezele ukutholakala kwamacala angama-23 emonkeypox eMadrid, kwathi iPortugal yaqopha amacala angaphezu kuka-20 okusolwa ukuthi yimfene esifundeni saseLisbon, kanti uMnyango Wezempilo waseMontreal ubike amacala ayi-17 okusolakala ukuthi anenkawu.

Idatha evela ku-World Health Organization ikhombisa ukuthi imigomo esetshenziselwa ukuqeda inkawu isebenza ngama-85%.

Isifo esiyivelakancane esinokusabalala okulinganiselwe

Le nhlangano iveze ukuthi i-monkeypox yisifo esiyivelakancane esitholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude emaphakathi nentshonalanga ye-Afrika eduze namahlathi emvula ashisayo.Isifo esithathelwana ngegciwane i-zoonotic igciwane elitheleleka lisuka esilwaneni liye kumuntu. Nakuba ingxibongo yaqedwa ngo-1980, inkawu isenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile kwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika. Igciwane lemonkeypox nalo lingelohlobo lwe-Orthopoxvirus yomndeni wePoxviruses.

Igciwane lemonkeypox lidluliselwa kubantu ngezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasendle, kodwa ukusakazeka kwalo okwesibili kunqunyelwe ukudluliselwa komuntu kumuntu. Izinga lokufa kwabantu ekuqubukeni kwe-monkeypox ngokuvamile li-1-10%, futhi ukufa okuningi kwenzeka kubantu abasha.

Ukuqubuka kwezifo kanye nokudluliselwa

I-World Health Organization ikuqinisekisile ku-Al-Arabiya.net ukuthi inkawu yaqala ukutholakala phakathi kwabantu ngo-1970 eDemocratic Republic of the Congo kumfana oneminyaka engu-9 ubudala owayehlala endaweni okwaqedwa kuyo ingxibongo ngo-1968. Kusukela lapho , izigameko eziningi ziye zabikwa ezifundeni zamahlathi emvula aseMaphandleni aseCongo Basin naseNtshonalanga Afrika, ikakhulukazi eDemocratic Republic of the Congo, lapho kwakucatshangwa ukuthi idlangile, nalapho kwaqubuka khona ukugqashuka okukhulu kwalesi sifo ngo-1996 no-1997. .

Le nhlangano yengeze ngokuthi ukungenwa yilesi sifo kubangelwa izimo ezibonisa ukuthintana ngokuqondile negazi lezilwane ezinalesi sifo, uketshezi lwemizimba yazo, izilonda esikhumbeni noma uketshezi lwazo, kanye nezifo ezibangelwa ukuphatha izinkawu, amagundane ama-giant gambian noma izingwejejejejejejejela. Lesi sifo sibhalwe phansi e-Afrika Yisona sizinda saleli gciwane. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukudla inyama engakaphekwa kahle ezilwaneni ezinegciwane kuyingozi ehambisana nalesi sifo.

Ukusulelana kwalesi sifo ezingeni lesibili noma kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye kungavela ngokuthintana ngokuseduze nemigudu yokuphefumula yomuntu onaleli gciwane noma izilonda zesikhumba, noma ngokuthintana nezinto ezisanda kungcoliswa uketshezi lwesiguli noma izinto ezibangela izinambuzane. izinto.

Lesi sifo sidluliselwa ikakhulukazi ngezinhlayiya zokuphefumula ngendlela yamaconsi ngokuvamile adinga isikhathi eside sokuthintana ubuso nobuso, ebeka amalungu omndeni wamacala asebenzayo engozini enkulu yokutheleleka. Lesi sifo singasakazwa futhi ngokugonywa noma nge-placenta (inkawu yokuzalwa), futhi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi inkawu ingaqhubeka kubantu ngokumane idlulele komunye umuntu.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlangano yacacisa izimpawu zalesi sifo, njengoba isikhathi sokufukamela inkawu, okuyinkathi ephakathi kwesigaba sokungenwa yisifo kanye nesigaba sezimpawu zayo, sisukela ezinsukwini eziyisi-6 kuya kweziyi-16, kodwa singasukela phakathi Izinsuku ezi-5 nezingama-21.

Izigaba zokutheleleka zihlukaniswe ngesikhathi sokuhlasela, izinsuku ezingu-5 nezinsuku ezingu-XNUMX, futhi kubonakala ngomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ama-lymph nodes akhulisiwe, ubuhlungu beqolo nemisipha, nobuthakathaka obukhulu.

Isikhathi sokuvela kokuqubuka phakathi nenkathi esukela phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 nezingu-95 ngemva kokutheleleka ngemfiva, lapho izigaba ezihlukahlukene zokuvela koqweqwe zicwebezela, eziqala ebusweni kaningi bese zisakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. . Ukuqubuka kubi kakhulu ebusweni ku-75% wamacala, futhi ezintendeni zezandla nezinyawo ezinyaweni XNUMX%.

Ezinsukwini ezingaba yi-10, ukuqubuka kuvela kuma-macular papules (izilonda ezisekelwe flat) kuya kuma-vesicles (amabhamuza amancane agcwele uketshezi) kanye nama-pustules, kulandelwa ama-crusts angathatha amasonto amathathu ukunyamalala ngokuphelele.

Ezinye iziguli nazo ziba nama-lymph nodes avuvuke kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqubuka, isici esihlukanisa inkawu kwezinye izifo ezifanayo. I-monkeypox imvamisa iyisifo esizimele futhi izimpawu zayo zihlala izinsuku eziyi-14-21, kanti izimo ezinzima zezinkawu zivame kakhulu ezinganeni, kuya ngezinga lokuchayeka kwegciwane, isimo sempilo yesiguli, kanye nobukhulu besifo. izinkinga eziba khona.

Izinga lokufa kwabantu liyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe, kodwa izinga lazo alidluli u-10% ezimweni ezibhaliwe, eziningi zazo ezenzeka ezinganeni. Ngokuvamile, amaqembu amancane abonakala ezwela kakhulu ku-monkeypox.

ukuxilongwa kwesifo

Ukuxilongwa okuhlukile okufanele kucatshangelwe kufaka phakathi ezinye izifo zokuqubuka, njengengxibongo, inkukhu, isimungumungwane, i-bacterial dermatitis, utwayi, ugcunsula, nokungezwani nezidakamizwa. Ukwandiswa kwama-lymph nodes ngesikhathi kuqala lesi sifo kungase kube isici somtholampilo esisihlukanisa ne-smallpox.

I-monkeypox ingaxilongwa kuphela elabhorethri lapho ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungatholwa ngokuhlolwa okuningi okuhlukile.

Alikho ikhambi noma umgomo

Le nhlangano iphinde yagcizelela ukuthi ayikho imishanguzo ethile noma imigomo etholakalayo yokulwa ne-monkeypox, kodwa ukuqubuka kwayo kungalawuleka. Esikhathini esedlule, ukugomela ingxibongo kuboniswe ukuthi kusebenza kahle ngamaphesenti angama-85 ekuvimbeleni inkawu, kodwa lo mgomo awusatholakali emphakathini jikelele ngemva kokunqanyulwa kokugonywa kwawo kulandela ukuqedwa kwengxibongo emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, ukugonyelwa ingxibongo ngaphambili kungenzeka kuholele enkambweni ethambile yesifo.

E-Afrika, kwatholakala ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-monkeypox kuthwala izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezilandelayo: izingwejeje ezinemigqa, izingwejeje zezihlahla, amagundane e-gambian, amagundane anemigqa, i-dormouse kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye. Ukungabaza kusasele ngomlando wemvelo wegciwane lemonkeypox futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kutholwe kahle indawo yalo yokugcina amanzi nokuthi lisinda kanjani emvelweni.

ukuvimbela izifo

Le nhlangano iphawule ukuthi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokunciphisa ukutheleleka kwabantu iwukuqwashisa ngezingozi ezihambisana nakho nokufundisa abantu ngezinyathelo abangazithatha ukwehlisa izinga lokuchayeka kukho. Izinyathelo zokuqapha kanye nokuxilongwa ngokushesha kwamacala amasha kubalulekile ukuze kuqukethe ukuqubuka.

Nokunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka ngegciwane lisuka komunye umuntu liye komunye. Ukusondelana ngokomzimba nabantu abangenwe upokisi kufanele kugwenywe, amagilavu ​​nempahla yokuzivikela kufanele kugqokwe lapho unakekela iziguli, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukugeza izandla njalo ngemva kokubanakekela noma ukuzivakashela.

Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka ngegciwane kusuka ezilwaneni kuya kubantu Imizamo yokuvikela ukusulelana kwegciwane emazweni anesifo kufanele igxile ekuphekeni kahle yonke imikhiqizo yezilwane (igazi nenyama) ngaphambi kokuyidla, nokugqoka amagilavu ​​nezinye izingubo zokuzivikela ezifanele lapho uphatha abagulayo noma ukutheleleka kwakho. -ukuthwala izicubu nangesikhathi sokuhlaba kwabo.