Amasosha omzimba angaqondakali avela esibelethweni

Amasosha omzimba angaqondakali avela esibelethweni

Lisebenzela ukwenza imephu yawo wonke amangqamuzana asemzimbeni womuntu, ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe lososayensi lathola uhlobo lwengqamuzana lokuzivikela ezifweni oluvela kuqala esibelethweni, futhi ubukhona balo kubantu okulokhu kuphikiswana ngaso kakhulu kuze kube manje, kubika i-Live Science, licaphuna iSayensi.

Amaseli angaqondakali, aziwa ngamaseli e-B-1, aqala ukutholwa kumagundane ngeminyaka yawo-2018, ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwesayensi kuka-1 okushicilelwe ku-Journal of Immunology. Amaseli e-B-1 avela ngaphambi kwesikhathi ekukhuleni kwegundane, esibelethweni, futhi akhiqize amasosha omzimba ahlukene lapho ecushiwe. Amanye alawa amasosha omzimba anamathela kumaseli egundane futhi asize ukususa amaseli afile nafayo emzimbeni. Amaseli e-B-XNUMX acushiwe futhi enza amasosha omzimba asebenza njengomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela kumagciwane, njengamagciwane namagciwane.

Ukuqala kokuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu

Ngemuva kokuthi kutholwe amaseli e-B-1 kumagundane, iqembu locwaningo labika ngo-2011 ukuthi bathole amaseli alinganayo kubantu, kodwa le miphumela ayizange yamukelwe njengobufakazi obuphelele.

UThomas Rothstein, uprofesa kanye nosihlalo ongumsunguli woMnyango Wezokwelapha Ophenyayo kanye nomqondisi weSikhungo Se-Immunobiology eWestern Michigan Medical School u-Homer Stryker, owayengumcwaningi wokuqala ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini, uthe kunobufakazi obuqinile bokuthi amaseli e-B-1 avela Ukuthuthukiswa komuntu ku-trimester yokuqala neyesibili yokukhulelwa.

U-Rothstein, owayengabandakanyekanga ocwaningweni olusha, wanezela ukuthi imiphumela yocwaningo lwakamuva "iqinisekisa futhi yandise umsebenzi oshicilelwe ngaphambilini (wocwaningo)."

ukuthuthukiswa kwamasosha omzimba

UDkt. Nicole Baumgarth, uprofesa e-UC Davis Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, naye owayengabandakanyekanga ocwaningweni olusha, uthe ukholelwa ukuthi idatha yocwaningo olusha kanye nokutholakele "kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu okwamanje" futhi isekela umbono wokuthi abantu baphathe amaseli e-B-1, enezela Ukuthi ngokombono, amaseli e-B-1 angadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwasekuqaleni, futhi ngokuwafunda ngokuqhubekayo, ososayensi kungenzeka bathuthukise ukuqonda kwabo ukuthi kubukeka kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwamasosha omzimba womuntu.

I-atlas yamaseli omuntu

Ucwaningo olusha lushicilelwe kanye nezinye izifundo ezintathu, ezenziwa yi-Human Cell Atlas Consortium (HCA), iqembu labacwaningi bamazwe ngamazwe elisebenzela ukuhlonza indawo, umsebenzi nezici zohlobo ngalunye lwengqamuzana emzimbeni womuntu. Ngokuhlangene, lezi zifundo ezine zihlanganisa ukuhlaziya kwamangqamuzana abantu angaphezu kwesigidi, amele izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500 zamaseli avela ezicutshini ezingaphezu kuka-30 ezahlukene.

Ngenkathi umcwaningi oholayo ocwaningweni olusha, uSolwazi Sarah Tishman, iNhloko yoMnyango weCytogenetics e-Wellcome Sanger Institute eNgilandi kanye nosihlalo weKomidi Elihlelayo le-Atlas of Human Cells, uthe lezi zifundo “ziyi-Google maps of umzimba womuntu, kuhlanganise nokuvezwa okunembile” kwamangqamuzana ngamanye nendawo akuyo.

ukuthuthukisa izicubu

USolwazi Tishman kanye nozakwabo basanda kugxila emizamweni yabo emangqamuzaneni omzimba omzimba, futhi ikakhulukazi, amangqamuzana omzimba avela ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komuntu ekuqaleni. Ukuhlaziywa kwakuhlanganisa amangqamuzana avela ezicutshini eziyisishiyagalolunye ezikhulayo, njenge-thymus, indlala eyenza amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba namahomoni, kanye nesaka le-fetus yolk, isakhiwo esincane esondla umbungu ekukhulelweni kokuqala. Wonke amasampula ezicubu ahlaziywa yithimba avela ku-Human Developmental Biology Resource, ibhange lethishu lase-UK eligcina izicubu ze-fetus ne-fetus, ngemvume ebhaliwe evela kubanikezeli.

Mncane kunezinwele zomuntu

Sekukonke, idatha ihlanganisa isikhathi sokuqala sokukhula kusukela emasontweni amane kuya kwangu-17 ngemva kokuvundiswa, phakathi ne-trimester yokuqala neyesibili yokukhulelwa. USolwazi Tishman uthe abacwaningi bathathe izifinyezo ezinesinqumo esiphezulu zalesi zicubu ngesilinganiso esingu-0.001 amayintshi (ama-microns angu-50), esincanyana kunoboya bomuntu. Kuleveli yeseli elilodwa, ithimba lihlaziye yonke 'imibhalo ye-RNA' kusicubu ngasinye, ebonisa amaprotheni ahlukene eyenziwa yiseli ngayinye. Besebenzisa le mibhalo elotshiwe, abacwaningi bangakwazi ukusikisela mayelana nobunikazi kanye nomsebenzi weseli ngalinye.

Ngalokhu kuhlaziya okuningiliziwe, ithimba lithole amaseli afana nencazelo yamaseli e-B-1 atholakala kumagundane, ngokuya ngezici zawo kanye nesikhathi sokubukeka kwawo.

B-2

"Esimisweni samagundane, amaseli e-B-1 avela ngaphambi kwesikhathi - avele kuqala," kusho uDkt Rothstein. Uhlobo oluhlukile lwengqamuzana lokuzivikela ezifweni, olubizwa ngokufanelekile ngokuthi i-B-2, bese luvela ngemva kwamaseli okuqala e-B-1 futhi ekugcineni lube uhlobo oluningi kakhulu lwe-B cell egundwaneni. Ngenkathi uProfesa Tishman echaza ukuthi amangqamuzana omzimba angasiza ekuqopheni izicubu ezintsha njengoba zakha.

Ukunquma izicubu

UDkt. Baumgarth uthe: "Uma ucabanga ngokukhula kombungu, ngokuvamile, kukhona ukulungiswa kwezicubu ezinkulu okuqhubekayo ngaso sonke isikhathi." Ngokwesibonelo, abantu ekuqaleni baba nolwelwe phakathi kwezinzwani zabo, kodwa luphinde lunyamalale ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Uthe kungenzeka ukuthi amaseli e-B-1 asiza ukuqondisa ukunqunywa kwezicubu ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, kodwa uthe ukuqagela ngakuye.

Uqhubekile nokuqagela ukuthi ngaphezu kokuqopha izicubu, amaseli e-B-1 angahlinzeka ngezinga elithile lokuvikela amagciwane kuma-pathogen amancane ngokwanele ukuwela umgoqo we-placenta.