Buyini ubudlelwano bobuhlakani nezakhi zofuzo?

Ubuhlakani, izakhi zofuzo, nobudlelwano phakathi kwakho, umlando omude wokuhlukana kwemibono mayelana nemvelo yobuhlakani kanye nezinqumo zako. Kusukela yasungulwa njengesayensi ezimele ngo-1879 AD, i-psychology iye yabona imibono eminingana, ngayinye eveza umbono ohlukile. Lezi zinkolelo-mbono zingahlukaniswa, ngokusho kwe-Oxford Handbook, zibe izikole ezimbili zokucabanga. Esokuqala sithatha ukuthi kukhona ikhono elilodwa lobuhlakani obujwayelekile. Abanye babo bathi kuhleliwe futhi kuhlobene nefa lofuzo lomuntu, futhi iningi lalabo abasekela lesi sikole bakholelwa ukuthi lobu buhlakani bungalinganiswa ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile okusetshenziswa yonke indawo futhi kuzo zonke izimo. Isikole sesibili sithatha ngokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zobuhlakani, ezingahleliwe futhi eziningi zazo ezingenakulinganiswa ngalezi zindlela zendabuko.

Ithiyori yobuhlakani enezinhlangothi ezintathu, eyakhiwe nguRobert Sternberg waseYale University ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ingeyesikole sesibili. Isekelwe kubukhulu obuthathu, futhi ubukhulu ngamunye buhlobene nohlobo olukhethekile lobuhlakani. Lokhu kuhlakanipha kuhunyushwa kwaba impumelelo empilweni yansuku zonke ehlobene nezimo ezithile nezishintshayo kanye nezindawo. Ngakho-ke, ngokubona kwakhe, iningi labo alikwazi ukulinganiswa futhi lihlolwe ngezindinganiso ezijwayelekile; Kodwa kunezindinganiso eziningi nezingazinzile. Okusho ukuthi, kuncike "ekhonweni lomuntu lokuqaphela amandla akhe nobuthakathaka bakhe nendlela yokuthuthukisa amandla nokunciphisa ubuthakathaka," usho kanje. Ubukhulu obuthathu yibo:

1. Ubukhulu obusebenzayo, obuhlobene nekhono lomuntu lokubhekana nezinkinga abhekana nazo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke; Ngokwesibonelo, ekhaya, emsebenzini, esikoleni noma enyuvesi. Ngokuvamile, leli khono licacile, futhi liyaqiniswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokuzijwayeza okungokoqobo. Kunabantu abachitha isikhathi eside emsebenzini othize futhi bathole ulwazi oluncane olucashile. Labo abanobuhlakani obusebenzayo banekhono elikhulu lokuzivumelanisa nanoma iyiphi indawo entsha, kanye nendlela yokukhetha izindlela ezintsha zokubhekana nayo kanye nokuyithonya.

2. Ubukhulu obusha buphakamisa izixazululo, imiqondo, kanye nemibono engajwayelekile neyaziwa ngaphambilini. Njengoba kusha, ubuciko ngokwemvelo buntekenteke futhi abuphelele ngoba busha. Ngakho-ke, ayikwazi ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okunembile. U-Sternberg uphinde waphetha ngokuthi abantu abahlakaniphile bayasungula ezindaweni ezithile hhayi kwezinye; Ukuqamba okusha akukona konke kukho konke.

3. Ubukhulu bokuhlaziya, obuhlobene nekhono lokuhlaziya, lokuhlola, ukuqhathanisa nokuqhathanisa Lawa makhono avame ukutholwa, kwabanye ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, noma esikoleni nasenyuvesi, futhi angahlolwa ngezindlela ezithile zendabuko.