Yiziphi izimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zomhlaba ezahlaba umxhwele umhlaba?

Isimangaliso ngasinye kweziyisikhombisa zomhlaba sinendaba echaza isizathu sokwakhiwa nodumo lwaso, futhi lezi zimangaliso yilezi:
Iphiramidi elikhulu Khufu

E-Egypt ingenye yezakhiwo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.UFaro Khufu wayala ukwakhiwa kwayo ukuba kube ithuna lakhe, futhi inkulu kunawo wonke amapiramidi amathathu.Iphiramidi yaseKhufu itholakala edolobheni laseGiza eGibhithe. Yakhiwa ngesikhathi sika-2584-2561 BC. Kwathatha iminyaka engu-20 ukwakha, futhi ibhekwa njengesinye sezimangaliso ezindala kunazo zonke. Yahlanganisa amadoda angu-360 2.3 ekwakhiweni kwayo, futhi kwasetshenziswa amatshe amatshe ayizigidi ezingu-2, anesisindo esingamathani ama-480 ngebhulokhi ngayinye. Ukuphakama kwephiramidi cishe kungamafidi angama-146; okusho ukuthi ngo-4 AD, futhi kwakungomunye wabantu ababenempikiswano kakhulu emhlabeni; Kukholakala ukuthi iyisakhiwo eside kunazo zonke esakhiwa umuntu iminyaka engu-XNUMX XNUMX, futhi siwukuphela kwesakhiwo esisindile futhi siwukuphela kwesakhiwo esisele seZimangaliso Eziyisikhombisa Zezwe Lasendulo.

Izingadi Ezilengayo zaseBhabhiloni

E-Iraq, inkosi yaseBhabhiloni uNebukadinesari yakha Izingadi Ezilengayo zaseBhabhiloni e-Iraq ngesikhathi esiphakathi kuka-605-562 BC; Njengesipho kumkakhe, owayelangazelela izwe lakubo nobuhle bemvelo yakhe, enye yezincazelo ezichaza kakhulu ngaye ngeyomlando uDiodorus waseSicily, owawachaza njengezindiza zezitshalo ezizichelela ngokwazo. Izingadi Ezilengayo ZaseBabiloni zingamasimu angamadwala akhuphuka kancane kancane aze abe ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-23, futhi angafinyelelwa ngokukhuphuka ngochungechunge lwezitebhisi.Izingadi zazitshalwe zinezinhlobo eziningi zezimbali, izithelo, nemifino yasebusika nehlobo; Ukuze lihlale liluhlaza futhi lichuma unyaka wonke, lalizungezwe nomsele osebeni loMfula i-Ewufrathe.” Lezi zingadi zinamasango angu-XNUMX, elidume kakhulu kuwo iSango lika-Ishtar.
Ukuba khona kwezingadi ezilengayo zaseBabiloni kuye kwaphikiswana ngakho; Njengoba umlando waseBabiloni ungazange ukhulume ngawo, ngaphezu kwalokho, uyise womlando uHerodotus akazange akhulume ngawo lapho echaza idolobha laseBabiloni, kodwa izazi-mlando eziningi ziye zafakazela ukuthi lalikhona, njengalezi: Diodorus, Philo; neStrabo, nezingadi zaseBhabhiloni zacekelwa phansi ngemva kwezakhiwo zazo.Kwagadla ukuzamazama komhlaba.

Ithempeli lika-Arthemisi

ETurkey, iThempeli lika-Arthemisi lakhiwa ngaphansi kwenkosi yaseLydia, iNkosi uCroesus ngo-550 BC, laqanjwa ngeNdlovukazi u-Arthemisi, ukuphakama kwalo kwafinyelela ku-120 amafidi nobubanzi balo bangamamitha angu-425. yindoda egama layo linguHerostratus; NgoJulayi 225, 127 BC, uHerostratus washisa ithempeli; Ngenhloso yokuzimemezela ngokucekela phansi esinye sezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ezakhiwe isintu, kodwa abase-Efesu abazange bakuvume lokho.
Ithempeli ngaleso sikhathi lalibhekwa njengelinye lezakhiwo ezimangalisayo nezimangalisayo, futhi u-Alexander II wanikela ngokwakhiwa kwalo, kodwa abantu base-Efesu baqale balenqaba, kodwa lakhiwa kabusha ngemva kokufa kwakhe kodwa ngezinga elincane, laphinde labhujiswa. ngamaGoth lapho ehlasela iGreece, kwase kwakhiwa eyesithathu neyokugcina Yabe isibhujiswa ngokuphelele ngo-401 BC, lapho iqembu elikhulu lamaKristu liyidubula ngaphansi komyalo kaSaint John, ngokusho kwesazi-mlando uStrabo. incwadi yakhe, nezinye izingxenye zayo zisagcinwe eMnyuziyamu WaseBrithani.

Isithombe sikaZeus

E-Olympia, isithombe sikaZeus sadalwa omunye wabadwebi abahamba phambili emhlabeni, umdwebi ongumGreki uPhidias, ekhulwini lesihlanu BC; Ehlonipha unkulunkulu uZeus, uPhidias wafanekisela unkulunkulu uZeus ehlezi esihlalweni sakhe sobukhosi, futhi wasebenzisa uphondo lwendlovu ekwakhiweni kwaso ukuze abonise umzimba wakhe, futhi ingubo yakhe yayiyigolide elikhandwe ngesando, ubude besithombe bafinyelela ku-12 m. wayefuna ukumthwebula ehlezi, kodwa ngenxa yobude bakhe kwabonakala sengathi umile ukuze athinte usilingi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukulinganisa kwakhe kobukhulu kwakungalungile. Lesi sithombe saketulwa sayiswa edolobheni laseConstantinople ukuze sicekelwe phansi ngomlilo, ngemva kokuvela kobuKristu nokuvinjelwa kwemikhuba yokukhonza izithombe.

I-Mausoleum yaseHalicarnassus (i-Mausolus)

ETurkey, i-mausoleum yenkosi yasePheresiya uSatrap Mausolus, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, yakhiwa ngo-351 BC, futhi yaqanjwa ngegama ledolobha laseHalicarnassus, inkosi eyalithatha njengenhloko-dolobha yayo. Ngo-353 BC, izinsalela zakhe zabekwa. lapho enkumbulweni yakhe, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili naye wafa, futhi izidumbu zakhe zabekwa lapho kanye nezomyeni wakhe. Ukuphakama kwe-mausoleum kwafinyelela ku-135 izinyawo, futhi abadwebi bezithombe ze-Greece aba-4 babambe iqhaza emhlobiso wayo. Le ndawo engcwele yacekelwa phansi yiqembu lokuzamazama komhlaba, kwathi ngo-1494 AD, yahlakazwa ngokuphelele futhi yasetshenziswa ibutho likaSaint John ekwakhiweni kweBodrum Castle, futhi amatshe asetshenziswa asekhona nanamuhla.
I-mausoleum inezingxenye ezintathu ukusuka ngaphakathi.Engxenyeni engezansi, isivakashi sithola ihholo elikhulu elakhiwe ngemabula emhlophe, liphezulu izinga lesibili, elinezinsika ezingu-36 ezisatshalaliswe phezu kwezingxenye ukuze zisekele uphahla lwe-mausoleum. isisekelo se-mausoleum, kunemihubhe eholela ekamelweni lapho ingcebo, igolide, nezinsalela zenkosi nendlovukazi zibekwe ngaphakathi kwe-sarcophagus yemabula emhlophe.

Statue_Rhodes

EGrisi, iSifanekiso sikaRhodes siyisithombe esikhulu somuntu wesilisa, esakhiwe esikhathini sama-292-280 BC; Ukuhlonipha unkulunkulu uHelios, umalusi wesiqhingi saseRhodes, lakhiwa ngemva kokuzivikela ngempumelelo kwedolobha ngokumelene nokuhlasela okwenzeka ngo-305 BC. AD, ngaphansi kobuholi bomholi waseMakedoniya uDemetrius, owashiya ngemuva izikhali eziningi. zathengiswa ngesamba semali iminyaka engu-56. Labhujiswa ukuzamazama komhlaba ngo-226 BC. Isithombe sikaRhodes safinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-110, futhi imilenze yaso yayimi phezu kwezisekelo ezimbili ezifanayo, futhi uPliny uthi: Iminwe yesifanekiso mikhulu kunanoma yisiphi isifanekiso ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ngokusho kwesazi-mlando uTheophanes, lesi sithombe sasimbozwe ngethusi; futhi amanye amanxiwa ayo athengiswa kumthengisi ongumJuda futhi yadluliselwa ezweni lakubo.

I-Lighthouse yase-Alexandria

EGibhithe, uPtolemy I wayala ukwakhiwa kweLighthouse yase-Alexandria esiqhingini esibizwa ngokuthi iForos, futhi ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqedwa ngo-280 BC. Wawufinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-440, futhi esinye sezici zawo ukuthi wawuveza imisebe yelanga emini ngesibuko esingenhla, kodwa ebusuku wawukhanyiswa umlilo, futhi umuntu wayekwazi ukuwubona ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angu-35. ; Lokho kungamakhilomitha angu-57. Ngokuqondene nesakhiwo, isisekelo saso sasiyisikwele, ukuze sikhuphuke kamuva sibe ama-octagons, kodwa kusukela phakathi sakhiwe ngesimo esiyindilinga. Indlu yezibani yacekelwa phansi ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuzamazama komhlaba kokuqala kwadala umonakalo omkhulu kuyo ngo-956 AD, kwalandelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba kwesibili ngo-1303, kwalandelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okwesithathu ngo-1323 AD, nokunyamalala kwakho kokugcina kwaba ngo-1480 AD, futhi indawo yakho manje. ithathwe isigodlo esibizwa ngokuthi amanye aseQaitbei.