I-Chernobyl .. inhlekelele eyenziwe ngumuntu, ingabe iphindaphindiwe namuhla

Enye yezinhlekelele ezimbi kakhulu ezenziwe umuntu emlandweni wayo, ukuqhuma kwesikhungo samandla enuzi saseChernobyl enyakatho ye-Ukraine, okwashintsha iPripyat eyayigcwele abantu yaba idolobha eliyizipoki futhi yaziwa ngokuthi "idolobha lezipoki".

Isikhungo saseChernobyl, esiqanjwe ngoVladimir Lenin ngesikhathi samaSoviet, siyisikhungo sokuqala samandla enuzi esakhiwe emhlabathini wase-Ukraine.

Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sikhungo kwaqala ngo-1970, futhi eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kamuva kwaqala ukusebenza umshini wokuphehla amandla, kwathi ngo-1983 iziphehlisi ezine zalesi sikhungo zase zikhiqiza cishe amaphesenti ayishumi kagesi wase-Ukraine.

Ngenkathi imboni isakhiwa, idolobha lokuqala le-athomu lezisebenzi nemindeni yabo lakhiwe uhulumeni waseSoviet ngaphambi kwenhlekelele.I-Pripyat, eyasungulwa ngo-February 4, 1970 njengedolobha elivaliwe lenuzi, yayingeyesishiyagalolunye eSoviet Union.

Inani labantu bedolobha ngosuku lwenhlekelele ngo-Ephreli 26, 1986 lalinabantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-50, bangochwepheshe, abasebenzi kanye nemindeni yabo abasebenza embonini yenuzi, futhi namuhla iPripyat imelela isithombe sonya lwenkathi yenuzi.

Ngobusuku buka-April 25, 1986, iqembu lonjiniyela embonini, endaweni ye-reactor yesine, laqala ukuhlola imishini emisha nemishini, futhi akekho owayelindele ukuthi lobu busuku ngeke budlule ngokuthula.

Onjiniyela babedinga ukunciphisa amandla e-reactor yenuzi, ukuze benze umsebenzi wabo wenziwe, kodwa ngenxa yokubala kabi, okukhiphayo kwehle kwafika ezingeni elibucayi, okwaholela ekuvaleni cishe okuphelele kwe-reactor.

Isinqumo senziwe ngokushesha sokwandisa izinga lamandla, ngakho-ke i-reactor yaqala ukushisa ngokushesha, futhi ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa kwaba nokuqhuma okukhulu okubili.

Lokhu kuqhuma kucekele phansi i-reactor core, kwaqubula umlilo othathe izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye.

Lokhu kwaholela ekukhishweni kwamagesi akhipha imisebe nothuli lwenuzi, emoyeni ngaphezu kwe-reactor, okwakha ifu elikhulu esibhakabhakeni eladubula libheke eYurophu.

Umthamo wezinto ezikhipha imisebe eyingozi kakhulu eyaxoshwa, cishe amathani angu-150, wenyukela emkhathini, wachaya abantu emisebeni izikhathi ezingu-90 ngaphezu kwalokho okwenzeka ebhomu le-athomu laseHiroshima eJapane.

Ngomhla zingama-26 ku-Ephreli kwakunonya futhi kusabekayo, kwathi ngomhla ka-27 kwaqala izinqubo zokuphuma kwabantu, ezathatha amahora amathathu, lapho abantu abangama-45 badluliselwa ezindaweni eziseduze, kude nomthelela osheshayo, kwathi abantu abayi-116 baphoqwa. ukushiya indawo kanye nezindawo ezizungezile.

Abantu abangaba ngu-600 XNUMX abavela kuwo wonke amazwe ayengama-republic aseSoviet basiza ekuthutheni.

Ngokushesha ngemva kwale nhlekelele, kwafa abantu abangu-31, kuyilapho imisebe eyingozi egxilile kakhulu yathinta abantu abangaba ngu-600, futhi isilinganiso esiphezulu semisebe sathola cishe izinkulungwane zezisebenzi eziphuthumayo ngosuku lokuqala lwenhlekelele.

Sekukonke, izakhamizi ezingaba yizigidi eziyi-8.4 zaseBelarus, eRussia nase-Ukraine zachayeka emisebeni.

Ngokwe-Ukraine Chernobyl Federation, cishe abantu abangu-9000 55 babulawa ngenxa yezifo ezingelapheki ezinjengomdlavuza, kuyilapho abantu abangu-XNUMX XNUMX bekhubazekile ngenxa yale nhlekelele.

Ngemva nje kwalokhu kuqhuma, kwakhiwa indawo engabanjelwa muntu engaba amakhilomitha angu-30 (17 mi), futhi ngemva nje kwale nhlekelele, izisebenzi zakha ihawu lesikhashana phezu kwendawo ephehla ugesi eyayibhidlikile, eyayibizwa ngokuthi uMphongolo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sarcophagus sawohloka, futhi ngo-2010 kwaqala ukwakhiwa umgoqo omusha, ukuvimbela ukuvuza okwengeziwe ku-reactor engasebenzi.

Kepha muva nje ukusebenza kwesihlangu kumisiwe phakathi nenhlekelele yase-Ukraine.

Ngo-July 7, 1987, izikhulu eziyisithupha zangaphambili zesikhungo sokuphehla amandla enuzi eChernobyl kanye nochwepheshe bamangalelwa ngokunganaki kanye nokwephula imithetho yezokuphepha.

Abathathu kubo: UViktor Bruyehov - owayengumqondisi wezitshalo zaseChernobyl, u-Nikolai Fomin - owayengunjiniyela omkhulu kanye no-Anatoly Dyatlov - owayeyisekela likanjiniyela omkhulu, bagwetshwe iminyaka engu-10 ejele.

I-reactor yokugcina eChernobyl yavalwa unomphela ngomthetho kahulumeni wase-Ukraine ngo-2000.

Isizinda sikagesi esilimele kulindeleke ukuthi siqedwe ngokuphelele ngo-2065.

NgoZibandlela wezi-2003 i-United Nations General Assembly yamemezela umhla zingama-26 kuMbasa njengoSuku Lomhlaba Lokukhumbula Izisulu Zezingozi Nezinhlekelele.