Indaba yedayimane lase-Koh Noor, idayimane elidume kakhulu emlandweni

INdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II yashona, kodwa izindaba azigcinanga kuye okwamanje, ngemva kohambo olude lwempi phakathi kweNdiya neBrithani olwathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-172, umvuthwandaba walo wawuyiminyaka engaba ngu-70 edlule, lapho. ngigqokile U-Elizabeth The Queen's Crown kanye nokuvela kwedayimane elithi "Koh Noor" elihlobise phezulu komqhele wasebukhosini, kusanda kuvuselelwa lapho iNkosi uCharles III ithatha izintambo zokubusa e-United Kingdom, ilandela unina ongasekho, ukuze ibe ngomunye wabasiki bengqephu abadume kakhulu. amadayimane emlandweni wanamuhla.

Indaba yedayimane elithi "Koh Noor", i-India esanda kulinikezela eBrithani, ukuvala ikhethini kulolu daba olwanwetshwa iminyaka, noma njengoba libizwa kwamanye ama-akhawunti "Kohnur" noma "Kohi Noor" noma "Mountain of Light". ", ihlehlela emuva onyakeni we-1850, lapho kwakungenye yeminye ingcebo evela kumgcinimafa waseLahore eGreat Britain phakathi kwezipho ezinikezelwe kuNdlovukazi uVictoria, indlovukazi yafunda ukuthi idumela elibi elifakwe ematsheni ayigugu laletha amashwa kubo bonke. abanikazi bawo, njengoba inganekwane yasendulo isho ukuthi “onalamadayimane uyoba inkosi yomhlaba wonke.” Kodwa futhi uyazazi zonke izinkinga zakhe.

I-India kwakhulunywa ngayo kweminye imibhalo yasendulo yamaSanskrit eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-5 edlule, futhi yayibizwa ngokuthi "Samantika Mani", okusho ukuthi indlovukazi yedayimane, futhi yayiphethwe unkulunkulu wamaHindu uKrishna, ngokusho kwezinganekwane, nezinye zasendulo. Imibhalo yamaHindu ithi ngedayimane: “Lowo ongumnikazi waleli dayimane ungumnikazi wezwe.” Kodwa ubhekana nawo wonke amashwa asemhlabeni noNkulunkulu kuphela, noma owesifazane kuphela... Ubani ongagqoka idayimane ngaphandle kokujeziswa.

Ngo-1739, idayimane elithi "Koh Noor" laba yinkosi yasePheresiya uNader Shah, eyaliqamba ngaleli gama, okusho ukuthi "iNtaba Yokukhanya" ngesiPheresiya, kwathi ngo-1747 iNkosi uNader Shah yabulawa futhi umbuso wayo wahlakazeka, futhi. ngemva kokushona kwakhe omunye wojenene bakhe wathatha idayimane, okuthiwa uGeneral Ahmad Shah Durrani, owanikeza idayimane eNkosini yamaSikh uRanjit Singh, iNkosi yasePunjab nomholi woMbuso wamaSikh owawubusa enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwekazi laseNdiya engxenyeni yokuqala yezwe. Ikhulu le-XNUMX.

Umqhele weNdlovukazi uCamilla uyigugu futhi lo ngumlando wawo

Kamuva yazuzwa uMaharaja Dulip Singh owayeneminyaka engu-5 kuphela ubudala, umbusi wokugcina woMbuso WasePunjab namaSikh.

Kwadlula iminyaka ngemva kwenye, kwathi lapho efika ngo-1849, amabutho aseBrithani ahlasela iPunjab futhi aphetha isivumelwano esasibeka kwesinye sezigaba zayo ukulethwa kwedayimane elithi “Koh Noor” eNdlovukazini yaseNgilandi, lapho iNkosi Dalhousie yahlela khona umcimbi ngo-1851. ukwethula idayimane kuNdlovukazi uVictoria, futhi ukwethulwa kwedayimane elikhulu kwakusemgubhweni othi A eHyde Park enhloko-dolobha, eLondon, futhi kusukela lapho idayimane alizange liphume eBrithani.

Ngemuva kokuhamba kweNdlovukazi uVictoria, ubunikazi bedayimane badluliselwa kuNdlovukazi u-Alexandra ngo-1902, kwase kuba yiNdlovukazi uMary ngo-1911, kwase kuba yiNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon ngo-1937, futhi idayimane laba yingxenye yomqhele waseBrithani weNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II ngesikhathi sokugcotshwa kwakhe. umcimbi ngo-1953.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, idayimane elithi "Koh Noor" lidabula imindeni eminingi yasebukhosini kanye nengcebo ehlukahlukene ngaphambi kokuba ligcine lizinze ezandleni zamaNgisi ngesikhathi sobukoloni, futhi idayimane laba ingxabano yomlando mayelana nobunikazi balo okungenani amazwe angu-4, okuhlanganisa ne-India, Kwaze kwaba yilapho i-India ivuma isimangalo sayo ngo-Ephreli ka-2016.

Ngokuqondene nesizindalwazi sikamagazini i- “Forbes”, kwashiwo ukuthi singakwazi ukulandelela umlando wedayimane, elinesisindo esingama-carats angu-186, kusukela ngonyaka we-1300, njengoba itshe ledayimane elithi “Koh Noor” lalingumhlobiso we-turban “Raja” of inzalo yesifunda saseMalwa enyakatho yeNdiya, futhi kamuva yadluliselwa kubazukulu beNkosi "Tamerlin" Lapho amandla amakhulu kaMughal esakazeka kulo lonke elaseNdiya, ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, itshe laba umhlobiso wombusi wegolide "Peacock Throne" UShah Jahan odume ngokwakha iTaj Mahal.

Kodwa ngokushesha enye yamadodana akhe yahlanyiswa ubuhle betshe, yenza ukuvukela umbuso futhi yabulala abafowabo, futhi yabopha uyise ngoba ekholelwa ukuthi "uKoh Noor" kufanele alethe amandla amakhulu kumnikazi wakhe, kakade ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalombili. , i-Persian Shah yabamba "uJabal Al-Noor" ngokukhohlisa, Kodwa akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi idayimane alizange limlethele injabulo.

Ngemva kwalokho, itshe eliqalekisiweyo lisuka kumnikazi liye kumnikazi, lizulazula empumalanga futhi liletha ukuhlupheka nokufa kwabaningi balabo ababelithwele, umnikazi wokugcina eNdiya wayenguPunjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh, umbusi ohlakaniphile wayazi ukuthi yini itshe eliqalekisiweyo elesabekayo. "Kohinoor" wenza futhi wanquma ukuyiqeda nganoma iyiphi indlela, Kodwa akakwazanga ukwenza lutho, ngoba wafa ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokugula okunzima.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezweni elibumbene lamaSikh elake lachuma, kwaqala inkathi yezinxushunxushu ezichitha igazi, ngemuva kombusi ohlakaniphile, kwathi ngemuva kokuwa kokugcina kombuso, uKoh Nur usanda kudlulela kumaBritish ngo-1852, kwanqunywa ukusika itshe eliphuzi. a more Kwakuyinto entsha, futhi yayichazwa njengedayimane elimsulwa elinesisindo esingu-105.6 carats, futhi ngo-1902 lase lingenisiwe kakade emiqhele yezindlovukazi esihlalweni sobukhosi.