Obani abahambi abangama-Arabhu abadume kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando?

Obani abahambeli bama-Arab abadume kakhulu emlandweni wonke?Ama-Arab, ayedume ngokuzulazula nabazulazulayo, futhi abanye babo ababezilolongela ukuhamba ukuze bathole imihlaba yalo mhlaba, okwakungaziwa ngaphambi kokufika kwamasathelayithi nohambo lokuhlola.

Obani abahambi abangama-Arabhu abadume kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando?

Ibn battouta

U-Ibn Battuta mhlawumbe ungumhambi odume kakhulu wama-Arab owake waba khona. U-Ibn Battuta waqala uhambo lwakhe oluningi ngohambo lwakhe oluya eMecca ngo-1325, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engu-22 ubudala. Wabe esehamba emhlabeni wonke ngaphambi kokuba abuye futhi ashonele ezweni lakubo cishe ngo-1368-69. U-Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta wazalelwa eTangiers, eMorocco ngo-1304, futhi wayenguchwepheshe wejografi, ijaji, isazi sezitshalo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, wayengumhambi. Ngesicelo sikaSultan u-Abu Enan Faris bin Ali, u-Ibn Battuta wayala ukuba ahambe aye kumabhalane wenkantolo kaSultan okuthiwa u-Ibn al-Jawzi, futhi yilokhu okwalondoloza uhambo luka-Ibn Battuta phakathi neminyaka edlule. U-Ibn Battuta usedlule ezihlahleni eziningi phakathi nohambo lwakhe, wasebenza njengejaji ngolunye usuku futhi waba umbaleki ebulungiswa ngolunye usuku, engenalutho olubi zomhlaba ngaphandle kwengubo yakhe, naphezu kwakho konke lokhu kwehla nokwenyuka, akazange alahlekelwe uthando lwakhe lokuhamba nokutholwa. Akazange aphumule ekuthuleni lapho izimo zakhe zizinzile futhi akazange alahlekelwe uthando lokuzidela lapho umhlaba uphenduka kuye.Uma singafunda okuthile ohambweni luka-Ibn Battuta, kuwukungalokothi silahlekelwe uthando lwethu lwangempela.

Ibn Majid

UShihab al-Din Ahmad bin Majid al-Najdi wazalelwa emndenini wamatilosi ekuqaleni kwawo-1430s edolobheni elincane manje eliyingxenye ye-United Arab Emirates, nakuba ngaleso sikhathi kwakungele-Oman. Wafunda kusukela esemncane ubuciko bokuhamba ngomkhumbi ngaphezu kokufunda iKur’an, futhi le mfundo kamuva yalolonga impilo yakhe njengetilosi nomlobi. U-Ibn Majid wayeyitilosi, umdwebi wamabalazwe, umhloli wamazwe, umbhali kanye nembongi. Wabhala izincwadi eziningi ezikhuluma ngomkhumbi, ukuhamba ngomkhumbi, kanye nezinkondlo eziningi.U-Ibn Majid wayebizwa ngeNgonyama Yasolwandle, futhi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uyena owasiza uVasco de Gama ukuba athole indlela esuka ogwini lwaseMpumalanga Afrika eya eNdiya iCape of Good Hope, nabanye bakholelwa ukuthi unguSinbad wangempela owakha Yizindaba zikaSinbad the Sailor. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liyini iqiniso eliqinisekile lokuthi wayeyitilosi elidumile, izincwadi zakhe zingamagugu eqiniso ekuhambeni ngomkhumbi ezibe nesandla ekudwetshweni kwamamephu amaningi. Usuku lokushona kuka-Ibn Majid aluqiniseki, nakuba cishe kwakungo-1500, njengoba lolu usuku lwezinkondlo zakhe zokugcina, ngemva kwalokho akuzange kubhalwe lutho.

Ibn Hawqal

  UMuhammad Abu al-Qasim Ibn Hawqal wazalelwa futhi wakhulela e-Iraq. Kusukela ebuntwaneni bakhe, wayekushisekela ukufunda ngohambo nohambo, nokufunda ngendlela izizwe ezihlukene nezinye izizwe emhlabeni wonke ezaziphila ngayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho ekhula, wanquma ukuchitha ukuphila kwakhe ejikeleza futhi efunda okwengeziwe ngabanye abantu, wahamba okokuqala ngqá ngo-1943, futhi wahambela amazwe amaningi, kwadingeka ahambe ngezinyawo ngezinye izikhathi. Amazwe awavakashele ahlanganisa iNyakatho Afrika, i-Egypt, iSyria, i-Armenia, i-Azerbaijan, i-Kazakhstan, i-Iran, futhi ekugcineni neSicily, lapho izindaba zakhe zinqanyulwa khona.U-Ibn Hawqal waqoqa uhambo lwakhe encwadini yakhe edumile ethi The Paths and Kingdoms, nakuba u-Ibn Hawqal esho. incazelo eningiliziwe yawo wonke amazwe awavakashelayo, abanye ababhali abayithathi ngokungathi sína leyo ncazelo ngoba wayethanda Ubalule izindatshana ahlangana nazo kanye nezindaba ezihlekisayo nezihlekisayo.Nokuthi incazelo yakhe ngezwe inembile noma iwumcabango nje we indawo, lokhu akuphikisi ukuthi wayekhona futhi usengomunye wabahambi abadume kakhulu base-Arab.

Ibn Jubayr

U-Ibn Jubayr wayeyisazi sejografi, umhambi kanye nembongi yase-Andalusia, lapho azalelwa khona eValencia. Uhambo luka-Ibn Jubayr luchaza uhambo alwenza kusukela ngo-1183 kuya ku-1185 lapho ehamba esuka eGranada eya eMecca, edabula amazwe amaningi emuva naphambili. U-Ibn Jubayr ubala incazelo eningilizayo yawo wonke amazwe adlula kuwo.Ukubaluleka kwezindaba zika-Ibn Jubayr kungenxa yokuthi uchaza isimo samadolobha amaningi ayeyingxenye ye-Andalusia ngaphambi kokubuyela ekubuseni kwamakhosi amaKrestu. ngaleso sikhathi. Iphinde ichaze izimo zaseGibhithe ngaphansi kobuholi bukaSalah al-Din al-Ayyubi.Mhlawumbe u-Ibn Jubayr akazange ahambe inqwaba yohambo njengabanye abahambi bama-Arab, kodwa uhambo lwakhe lubaluleke kakhulu futhi lwengeza okuningi emlandweni.